How does your menstrual cycle affect your skin? We asked a dermatologist

Women's skin changes throughout their menstrual cycle due to hormones. Here's how to create a skincare routine for each phase: follicular, ovulation, luteal, and menstrual.

By: Lifestyle Desk
New Delhi | Updated: September 15, 2024 05:10 PM IST

4 min read

Here's how to make a skincare routines based on your menstrual cycle. (Source: Freepik)

For women, the skin is more than just a protective barrier, it’s a dynamic canvas that reflects the body’s internal state. Dr Nishita Ranka, Internationally Acclaimed Dermatologist, Medical Director & Founder of Dr Nishita’s Clinic for Skin, Hair & Aesthetics, emphasised this intricate connection between the skin and menstrual cycle.

“The menstrual cycle significantly impacts the skin,” Dr Ranka explained, “due to fluctuating hormone levels, particularly estrogen and progesterone.” Understanding these hormonal shifts and their influence on the skin empowers women to create a personalised skincare routine that addresses their unique needs throughout the month.

Demystifying the cycle

The menstrual cycle can be broadly divided into four phases, each characterised by distinct hormonal activity and its subsequent impact on the skin.

1. Follicular phase (Day 1-13):

This phase, starting with the first day of menstruation, sees a gradual rise in estrogen levels. Dr Ranka explained the impact, “Estrogen stimulates the production of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid, all essential for maintaining skin hydration, elasticity, and structure.” While initial dryness might linger from the previous cycle’s low hormone levels, the skin steadily improves as estrogen takes hold.

2. Changes during the follicular phase (Day 1-13):

Beyond initial dryness, the early follicular phase can bring tightness and slight flakiness. As estrogen levels rise, the skin becomes more hydrated, and its texture improves.

Skincare adjustments:

Hydration: Use hyaluronic acid-based products to attract and retain moisture.
Gentle cleansing: Opt for gentle cleansers that don’t strip away the skin’s natural oils.
Barrier repair: Incorporate ceramides and niacinamide to strengthen the skin barrier and reduce sensitivity.

Menstrual drop in estrogen & progesterone leads to dry, dull skin & paler/darker tone with reduced vibrancy.(Source: Freepik)

3. Maximising peak beauty during the ovulation phase (Day 14-16):

Ovulation marks the pinnacle of estrogen levels, leading to the skin’s most radiant state. Dr Ranka explained, “The skin tends to be more hydrated, plump, and radiant due to increased collagen production and enhanced blood flow.” Estrogen also helps maintain the skin’s barrier function, minimizing irritation and inflammation.

To enhance this natural glow focus on:

Ingredients: Vitamin C brightens the skin and offers antioxidant protection, while hyaluronic acid maintains hydration and plumpness. Retinoids stimulate cell turnover, improving texture and tone.
Skincare practices: Gentle exfoliation removes dead skin cells, and hydrating or brightening masks can further enhance the glow. Sunscreen remains crucial for protecting against UV damage and premature aging.

4. Preventing breakouts during the luteal phase (Day 17-24):

Following ovulation, progesterone levels rise, leading to increased sebum production. Dr Ranka elaborated, “This can lead to oily skin and clogged pores, resulting in acne flare-ups.” The skin’s barrier function might also be compromised, making it more prone to irritation and dullness.

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To manage premenstrual acne flare-ups, consider these measures:

Salicylic acid: Effectively exfoliates pores to reduce oil and prevent breakouts.
Benzoyl peroxide: Reduces acne-causing bacteria and inflammation.
Tea tree oil: Offers natural antiseptic properties.
Dietary adjustments: Limit dairy and sugar intake, as these can exacerbate acne.
Stress management: Activities like yoga and meditation can lower cortisol levels, which contribute to acne.

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5. Dryness and dullness during the menstrual phase:

The slightly darker appearance of the skin during menstruation is not a cause for concern but can be improved with proper care.

Recommended Products/Treatments:

Moisturisers: Rich moisturisers with shea butter and glycerin to combat dryness.
Brightening serums: Look for serums containing niacinamide or licorice extract to even out skin tone.
Hydrating masks: Replenish moisture and improve texture.
Rest and hydration: Prioritize adequate sleep and water intake for overall skin health.

By understanding the hormonal fluctuations and their impact on the skin throughout the menstrual cycle, women can create a personalized skincare routine that addresses their evolving needs. This empowered approach ensures healthy, radiant skin all month long.

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