Guillain-Barré Syndrome outbreak in Pune: It’s rare disease but treatable, so no need to panic, say doctors; list dos & don’ts

Many patients reported diarrhoea or respiratory symptoms (cough, cold etc) before the onset of GBS. Such outbreaks are often linked to bacterial or viral infections. Authorities are investigating the outbreak, while neurologists and other doctors are treating affected patients.

Meanwhile, the Neurological Society of Pune, in its advisory, has listed dos and don’ts that include boiling water before drinking or preparing food, eating healthy and hygienic food, and refraining from spreading rumours.

What is GBS?

GBS is a rare but treatable neurological condition where the immune system attacks the nerves, leading to weakness in the upper and lower limbs, neck, face, and eyes, tingling or numbness, difficulty walking, swallowing, or breathing in severe cases. The illness often starts suddenly and can progress over four weeks. Some patients may experience rapid worsening, while others may progress more slowly. Severe cases might require ICU admission and ventilatory support.

How does Campylobacter cause GBS?

Health authorities suspect a link to ‘Campylobacter’ infection, which is often transmitted through contaminated food or water. Dr Kothari and Dr Amit Dravid, infectious diseases consultant at Poona Hospital, who diagnosed three of their patients with ‘Campylobacter Jejuni’ infection, said it can occur after consuming contaminated food or water. According to Dr Kothari, the infection may lead to diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. Symptoms include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, nausea or vomiting. In some patients, an immune response to the bacteria mistakenly targets nerves, causing GBS within one to three weeks. Other known triggers are infections like other viruses including dengue, chikungunya or bacterias which can cause abnormal immune reactions against nerves. “If you experience these symptoms, seek medical attention promptly,” the advisory said.

What you can do to protect yourself

Boil water before drinking. Use bottled water if unsure of how safe is your water. Wash vegetables and fruits thoroughly. Cook poultry and meat properly (internal temperature should reach at least 75°C). Avoid raw or undercooked food, especially eggs and seafood. Wash hands with soap and water before eating and after using the toilet. Avoid sharing utensils or food during the outbreak. Keep raw and cooked foods separate. Disinfect kitchen surfaces and utensils after handling raw meat.

When to seek medical help

Sudden weakness in the legs or arms. Difficulty walking or numbness, persistent diarrhoea, especially with discharge of blood.