Aditya entered politics in 2010 when he was appointed the president of Yuva Sena, the party's youth wing. His political journey reflects a shift in the Sena’s approach, focusing on issues that resonate with younger generations, including environmentalism, urban development, and sustainable living. He played a key role in the party’s 2019 Maharashtra Assembly election campaign and became the first member of the Thackeray family to contest elections. He won the Worli constituency seat, symbolizing the Thackerays' move from kingmakers to direct electoral participants.

During his time as a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and the state's Environment and Tourism Minister (2019-2022), Aditya pushed forward several progressive policies. These included the plastic ban in Maharashtra, the promotion of electric vehicles, and the revival of the Mumbai nightlife project.

Despite his modern outlook, Aditya remains firmly rooted in the Shiv Sena's core values, striving to balance his party's regional identity with the demands of a globalized, urban electorate. Seen as the future of the Shiv Sena, Aditya continues to build his profile as a leader of the new generation, with a focus on development and sustainability.