Were it not for the tragic circumstances of his death, Y Puran Kumar would have been seen as an example of social mobility and of the upholding of the Indian Constitution’s promise of equality. He was a Scheduled Caste (SC) Indian Police Service officer of the Haryana cadre; his wife, Amneet P Kumar, is an SC IAS officer, and his brother-in-law is an MLA in Punjab. On the face of it, Kumar and his family had reached the upper echelons of government and politics. His suicide and the eight-page note he leaves behind, which alleges systemic discrimination, including by senior IPS officers, however, casts a shadow on that image. It also raises disturbing questions about entrenched biases that cramp and distort institutional spaces. These questions must be addressed, not evaded.
Caste is a proven fact in crime and punishment in India. The Status of Policing in India Report (2025) by Common Cause and Lokniti found that victims of torture are “most often from marginalised communities” and that police personnel across states see certain SC and ST communities as “criminal”. The survey also found that “one in every four Scheduled Caste (SC) police personnel think that Dalits do not get justice”. The caste-based, and even casteist, nature of policing in India is an unfortunate remnant of a colonial structure that urgently needs to be consigned to the past. Doing so, however, is easier said than done, and requires police forces — particularly at the leadership level — to be open and sensitive as they turn the searchlight inwards. Kumar’s death and his allegations must not be swept under the institutional carpet. The Haryana police cannot allow discrimination to go unchecked and unpunished within.
