By her own admission, Goodall was a difficult woman: “It actually doesn’t take much to be a difficult woman. That’s why there are so many of us,” she once said. At 23, with no formal scientific training, only a fierce curiosity, she called the paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey in the hope of a chance to work with animals. Perhaps, he saw in her something rare — not just intelligence, but also conviction. Soon, Goodall was on her way to the Gombe Stream in Tanzania to observe chimpanzees in the wild. What began as an expedition became a scientific watershed. Goodall’s patient, open-hearted observations of the apes would reshape primatology and force science to re-evaluate what it means to be human. It would also establish Goodall, who died on October 1 at 91, as one of the foremost primatologists of the time, alongside Dian Fossey and Birute Galdikas, who studied the gorilla and the orangutan respectively.
At a time when detachment was the gold standard of scientific observation, Goodall’s approach — empathetic, patient, immersive — contrasted with that of her mostly male contemporaries. She observed chimpanzees not as data points but as individuals with personalities, emotions and social complexity. Her groundbreaking discovery that chimpanzees use tools, previously thought to be a uniquely human trait, redefined the boundaries between species and introduced the radical notion that animals are sentient beings with complex emotions and social bonds. That she gained entry to a Cambridge doctoral programme in 1962 without an undergraduate degree, and earned her PhD by 1966, was a testament to her singular brilliance and the heft of her findings.
Her path-breaking research apart, it was her defiance of convention — scientific, gendered, institutional — that marked her as a pioneer. “Difficult” is a word that often rests precariously on the edge of judgement. When spoken of a woman, especially, it becomes a veiled reproach, at once condescending and reductive. Soft-spoken, gentle, but deeply committed, Goodall’s life’s work stands as proof that what is often termed “difficult” in a woman is simply the courage to insist on another way.
