Written by Akshita Agarwal
India has the potential to transform itself into one of the top fruit and vegetable (F&V) sources for the world. There is a huge opportunity being created not only for exports, but also for domestic consumption in F&V. As we look ahead to 2030 and beyond, the focus of the Indian diet is shifting from mere calorie security to a nutrition-secure mindset, leading to an increase in per capita consumption of F&V. Catering to the evolving dietary needs of a growing population will continue to drive an upsurge in horticulture in the nation.
Increase in horticulture production also marks a shift in farming practices and unlocks immense potential for the agri-inputs sector that comprises seeds, agrochemicals, and fertilisers. I strongly believe that the highest potential of disruption lies in seeds over the longer term, while the realisable potential is huge for agrochemicals in the short term. Combined with digital and technology advancements and increased focus on bio-based and sustainable solutions, India is entering its pivotal decade to fundamentally solve some of the key challenges that have plagued many horticulture value chains across India.
Horticulture farming not only promises higher incomes, but also offers a steady income stream throughout the year, steering away from the subsistence farming of traditional field crops. One question arises: Is the return worth the investment for a smallholder farmer? The answer lies in addressing the twin needs of higher productivity and better price realisation to make horticulture a viable choice. The core strategy of leading agri-tech startups in F&V has been to build value-added, export-led businesses that ensure consistent prices for farmers. An integrated value-chain approach from sourcing to processing also lends a cost advantage to the business. At the same time, advisory and supply of key agri-inputs to the farmer catchments help improve yield.
Innovation in seeds could be another game-changer. Agronomic and genetic seed innovations, including high-quality hybrids, can enhance shelf life and improve access to quality F&V produce. Could these innovations empower farmers to achieve more output with fewer inputs? High quality seeds that help widen the availability window, and extend the geographical footprint for cultivation can be one such breakthrough.
Another approach that offers inspiration is the 1.0 hectare model of integrated farming, being piloted in various districts across the country. This cluster-based, whole-farm approach holds promise for climate-resilient agriculture. Implementation can include multiple interventions such as solar-powered farming equipment, water conservation practices, diversified cropping integrated with livestock, vermicompost, etc., soil health replenishment with natural bio-based agri-inputs, village cluster creation for produce aggregation and exports. This model allows smallholder farmers to adopt horticulture farming with limited risk. It also holds the potential to address the challenges faced in areas prone to high-risk droughts and erratic weather patterns.
Overall, a tailored approach to F&V agri-inputs is needed for India’s diverse agro-climatic zones. Success will not be defined by technology alone; affordability and accessibility of these inputs are equally crucial. Multi-stakeholder partnerships — among farmers, government, customers, industry, academia/research — need to be strengthened to achieve demand-backed production, high productivity, robust credit and risk management, and market linkages. As the nation charts its course to become a global F&V hub, the journey will be marked by collaborative efforts and a shared commitment to driving real income and livelihood growth for India’s smallholder farmers.
The writer is a management consultant at McKinsey & Company. Views are personal
