Sleep deprivation is associated with a higher risk of serious health issues, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, heart attack, and stroke.
Source: Canva
After just four hours of sleep, blood pressure rises, parasympathetic nervous system activity decreases, and levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) and oxidative stress increase.
Source: Canva
Prolonged lack of sleep leads to mental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, significantly affecting mental well-being over time.
Source: Canva
The hippocampus, sensitive to glucose and insulin, is impacted by poor sleep, and those with type I and type II diabetes are at greater risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.
Source: Canva
Inadequate sleep lowers leptin levels (a hormone that reduces hunger) and increases ghrelin levels (a hormone that stimulates appetite), leading to increased food cravings and potential obesity.
Source: Canva
Sleep needs vary by age, with adults typically needing 6-8 hours to maintain a healthy circadian rhythm, while young children may need up to 20 hours.
Source: Canva
Short-term effects of insufficient sleep include irritability, fatigue, hormonal imbalances, and disrupted REM sleep patterns. Long-term effects include mood changes, decreased productivity, early signs of ageing, and stunted growth.
Source: Canva
REM sleep, which typically occurs between 2-4 am, is critical for memory consolidation, emotional regulation, brain development, injury repair, and a stronger immune system.
Source: Canva
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