The lesser-known theatrical traditions of India

India’s performing arts go far beyond mainstream classical dance and theatre. Across villages, temples, and regional communities survive extraordinary theatrical traditions that blend storytelling, music, costumes, ritual, and folklore. Here are six lesser-known Indian theatrical art forms that deserve more attention.

Ankiya Naat: Created by saint-scholar Srimanta Sankardev, Ankiya Naat is a devotional theatrical tradition from Assam performed mainly in monasteries known as satras. (wikimedia commons)

Bhavai: This centuries-old folk theatre from Gujarat is known for satire and social commentary. Bhavai performances traditionally addressed caste issues, injustice, and village life through humour. (wikimedia commons)

Koodiyattam: One of the world’s oldest surviving theatre traditions, Koodiyattam is performed inside temple theatres in Kerala and is famous for its intricate expressions and elaborate gestures. (wikmedia commons)

Maach: Originating in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, Maach combines music, dance, poetry, and dramatic storytelling. Performances often retell mythological tales and can continue through the night. (facebook: sahapedia)

Tamasha: Tamasha blends dance, drama, and music into lively performances filled with wit and energy. Lavani dance is one of its most recognisable elements. (wikimedia commons)

Therukoothu: Performed in open village spaces, Therukoothu combines acting, singing, storytelling, and exaggerated makeup to narrate epics like the Mahabharata to local audiences. (wikimedia commons)