Bangladesh Elections 2026 complete guide: From voting date to key issues, everything to know about the country’s first post-Hasina poll

A demonstrator gestures as protesters clash with Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) and the police outside the state-owned Bangladesh Television as violence erupts across the country after anti-quota protests by students, in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (File/ Reuters)

For many voters, memories of that period shape their expectations from the election. “I don’t want any more bad incidents in Bangladesh, or a war-like situation,” news agency AP quoted Arefin Labib as saying, who referred to the violence during the uprising. “If the country wants to run smoothly, then a fair election is needed.”

Who are the main political contenders?

The election is effectively a contest between two major coalitions, according to Reuters.

BNP-led coalition

The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) is contesting 292 of the 300 parliamentary seats, leaving the rest to more than half a dozen smaller coalition partners. Opinion polls suggest the BNP-led alliance holds a narrow edge.

In this image posted on Dec. 31, 2025, Bangladesh Chief Adviser Professor Muhammad Yunus and BNP Chairman Tarique Rahman, with others during the funeral prayers of the latter’s mother and the country’s former prime minister Khaleda Zia, in Dhaka. (@ChiefAdviserGoB/X via PTI Photo)

The BNP is led by Tarique Rahman, the 60-year-old son of former prime minister Khaleda Zia and former president Ziaur Rahman. His campaign promises include:

• Financial aid for poor families.
• A 10-year cap on how long an individual can remain prime minister.
• Attracting foreign investment to revive growth.
• Anti-corruption measures.

Jamaat-e-Islami–led 11-party coalition

The Islamist Jamaat-e-Islami, banned for years under Hasina, has resurged since her fall and is contesting 224 seats. Its key ally, the National Citizen Party (NCP), led by Gen Z activists, is contesting 30 seats, with the rest split among smaller partners.

If the Jamaat-led alliance wins, its chief Shafiqur Rahman is expected to become prime minister.

Who is Shafiqur Rahman, and why has he emerged as a serious contender?

Once a marginal figure in national politics, Shafiqur Rahman, 67, has risen rapidly since 2024 to become one of the most prominent faces of the election.

A doctor by training and Jamaat chief since 2020, Rahman was previously jailed under Hasina’s rule, and the party was driven underground. That changed after the uprising, when the interim government eased restrictions, and a court lifted Jamaat’s ban in 2025.

Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami Ameer Dr Shafiqur Rahman has invited BNP Acting Chairman Tarique Rahman to take part in an open, public debate. (File Photo)

Rahman has since toured the country, overseen charity and flood-relief drives, and projected Jamaat as a clean, anti-corruption alternative.

“We tried to raise our voice, but repeatedly it was suppressed,” he told Reuters. “After the uprising, we got a chance to come again to the surface.”

Analysts say he capitalised on a leadership vacuum. “There was no visible leader in Bangladesh after the uprising,” said Dhaka University professor Shafi Md Mostafa. “Within barely two years, Rahman became a frontrunner.”

However, his views on women have sparked controversy. Jamaat has not fielded a single female candidate, and Rahman has drawn criticism for remarks suggesting limits on women’s work outside the home, fuelling anxiety among women and minorities.

What are the main issues driving voters?

According to Reuters, voters heading to the polls are focused on five major concerns:

• Corruption: Ranked the top concern in opinion polls. Bangladesh consistently performs poorly on Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index. Both BNP and Jamaat have made anti-graft pledges central to their campaigns.
• Inflation: Inflation stood at 8.58% in January, with rising prices cited as a major worry by more than two-thirds of respondents.
• Economic development: Once among Asia’s fastest-growing economies, Bangladesh has struggled since COVID-19 and the disruption of its export-driven garments sector during the 2024 unrest.
• Employment: With around 40% of the population under 30, job creation is a key pressure point for the next government.
• Ban on Awami League: Hasina’s Awami League has been barred from contesting. Surveys suggest nearly half of former Awami League voters now favour the BNP, while about 30% lean toward Jamaat.

What are ordinary voters saying?

Beyond party politics, voters repeatedly link democratic legitimacy to security and stability. “I want the government to prevent riots, killings, and any other trouble,” Zainul Abedeen, a 62-year-old street vendor in Dhaka, told AP.

Others say the interim government stabilised the economy but failed to deliver deeper reforms. “The political situation was so fragmented that it couldn’t sort it out,” said Dhaka resident Rajit Hasan. “We want democracy. We want our rights. We want the rule of law.”

Why are women particularly anxious about this election?

Bangladesh was long governed by women prime ministers, Khaleda Zia and Hasina, giving many women a sense of representation. That legacy now appears under threat.

Fewer women are contesting seats despite their visible role in the protests that led to the election.

“One of my primary hopes was that there would be more women leaders and women’s issues would be prioritised,” said economics student Wasima Binte Hussain. “It hasn’t been prioritised that much.”

Concerns have deepened with Jamaat’s resurgence. For 22-year-old student Sayma Nowshin Suha, the fear is ideological. “In Bangladesh,” she said, “conservatism is the scariest thing.”

What is at stake beyond this election?

With nearly 128 million voters in one of the world’s youngest electorates, the February 12 vote will determine whether Bangladesh can translate protest-driven change into stable democratic governance.

For many, this election is not just about who forms the next government — but about whether Bangladesh can restore trust in its institutions after years of political turmoil.

Key election schedule

(With inputs from AP and Reuters)