UPSC Key- April 25, 2023: Know about Bangalore Principle of Judicial Conduct, Real wage growth, Vishaka guidelines and Female Athletes

Judges can’t give interviews on cases they are hearing: SC

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story– Judges have no business giving interviews to the media on matters pending before them, the Supreme Court said Monday as it sought a report from the Registrar General of the Calcutta High Court regarding an interview allegedly given by one of its judges, Justice Abhijit Gangopadhyay, in which he had made some remarks against Trinamool Congress leader Abhishek Banerjee.

• Why did the Supreme Court of India pass this remark?

• What is the issue?

• “A judge has no business to give an interview about pending cases”-Analyse the statement

• Who is Justice Abhijit Gangopadhyay?

• What is the judicial interpretation of freedom of speech and expression?

• What is the freedom of speech and expression for judiciary?

• What is Bangalore Principle of judicial Conduct?

• “The Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct, which state that judges have freedom of expression but whatever they say has to be under the purview of the law”-What have you understood from this expression?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Justice Gangopadhyay: The judge who holds court, and the TMC govt to task

India reliance on imported crude oil at record high of 87.3% in FY23

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

Mains Examination: General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-RISING DEMAND for fuel and other petroleum products amid flagging domestic crude oil output has resulted in India’s reliance on imported crude increasing to a record 87.3 percent of domestic consumption in 2022-23, up from 85.5 per cent in 2021-22, according to data released by the oil ministry’s Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC). India’s oil import dependency was 84.4 per cent in 2020-21, 85 per cent in 2019-20, and 83.8 per cent in 2018-19.

• How much India spends on oil import?

• What are India’s oil consumption and import patterns at present?

• The computation of the extent of import reliance is based on what?

• What are the top five oil-consuming nations?

• For Your Information-India’s domestic consumption of petroleum products in 2022-23 rose over 10 per cent year-on-year to a record 222.3 million tonnes, underscoring robust demand, particularly for transportation fuels (petrol and diesel). However, domestic crude oil production for the year declined 1.7 per cent to 29.2 million tonnes. Crude oil imports in 2022-23 rose 9.4 per cent year-on-year to 232.4 million tonnes. In value terms, crude oil imports for the fiscal were at $158.3 billion, up from $120.7 billion in 2021-22, as per Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC) data. Total production of petroleum products from domestic crude oil was 28.2 million tonnes in 2022-23, which means that the extent of India’s self-sufficiency in crude oil was just 12.7 per cent, down from 14.5 per cent in 2021-22. In 2021-22, consumption of petroleum products sourced from indigenous crude oil was 29.3 million tonnes, while total domestic consumption was 201.7 million tonnes.

• Which Ministry has petroleum planning and analysis cell?

• What is the role of Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC)?

• What crude oil means?

• What are the types of crude oil?

• Why India is dependent on crude oil?

• Where does India import oil?

• India’s domestic crude oil and natural gas production has declined steadily-why?

• What steps have been taken by the Government of India to reduce the imports of crude oil?

• What is the difference between Open Acreage Licensing Programme (OALP), New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) and Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP)?

• How high reliance on imported crude oil impacts the Indian economy?

• Do You Know-The share of high-sulphur crudes, or sour crudes, in India’s oil imports in 2022-23 rose to 77.5 per cent from 76.6 per cent a year ago. Indian refiners imported a total of 197.9 million tonnes of sour crudes during the fiscal, up from 185 million tonnes a year ago. Import volumes of low-sulphur crudes, or sweet crudes, rose marginally to 57.3 million tonnes in 2022-23 from 56.7 million tonnes in 2021-22. Sour crudes have high sulphur content, which makes the refining process complex and relatively more cost-intensive than refining sweeter grades of oil. However, sour crudes are usually cheaper than sweet crudes and newer refineries are equipped to process them. In the Indian crude basket, which represents a derived basket of the two grades as per Indian refineries’ processing of crude, the ratio of sour to sweet grades is 75.62 to 24.38.

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Explained: The fall in crude oil prices, and its impact in India

📍The significance of rise in India’s petroleum product exports to EU

Govt note silent on allegations, wrestlers to move SC for FIR

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination:  

• General Studies I: Role of women and Social empowerment

• General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-AS THE sit-in protest by top wrestlers at Jantar Mantar entered its second day, the government Monday shared what it called the “major findings” — after a preliminary scrutiny — of the probe committee that looked into allegations of sexual harassment but remained silent on the charges against Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) president and BJP MP Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh. In its letter to Indian Olympic Association (IOA) president P T Usha, the Sports Ministry mentioned only the structural lapses within the WFI, including the absence of an Internal Complaints Committee, and called for “effective communication between the Federation and the sportspersons”.

• What is the accusation against Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh?

• Who is Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh?

• What are the “major findings” after a preliminary scrutiny of the probe committee that looked into allegations of sexual harassment?

• Indian Olympic Association-Know role and members

• What is internal complaint committee?

• What is the role of internal complaint committee?

• For Your Information-The government-appointed Oversight Committee headed by boxing legend M C Mary Kom, was set up on January 23 to probe the allegations against Brij Bhushan. Given a one-month deadline, it submitted its report in the first week of April but its findings are yet to be made public. Apart from Mary Kom, other members of the committee are Olympic medallist-wrestler Yogeshwar Dutt, former badminton player and Mission Olympic Cell member Trupti Murgunde, former CEO of Target Olympic Podium Scheme Rajesh Rajagopalan and former Sports Authority of India executive director (teams) Radhica Sreeman.

• Women in sports in India-what data’s and facts says?

• What is the major issue that affects female athletes participation in sports?

• What are the challenges faced by Indian sportswomen?

• How are females discriminated against in sporting activities?

• When was Wrestling Federation of India established?

• Did India’s most esteemed female wrestlers make the correct decision by publicly condemning the Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh?

• “The recent case of Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh is characterised by a dangerous combination of political nexus and male domination of positions of power”-Analyse

• ‘Politicians and politics should not have any say in sports’-do you agree?

• What does politics have to do with sports?

• Politics and Sports-where to draw the line?

• “These recent cases of harassment of women in sports are merely the tip of an iceberg. The true shape of this particular problem has become quite gigantic and complex, as was highlighted by the women wrestlers”-Discuss

• Do You remember-One important case worth remembering in this regard is of tennis player Ruchika Girhotra from 1990 who dared to raise her voice against the then president of tennis federation and IG Haryana Police, SPS Rathore.

• “There is an immediate need to formulate an effective legal process that needs to be followed in cases of harassment of women sportspersons”-What is the way ahead?

• ‘Absence of Internal Complaints Committee under the Prevention of Sexual Harassment Act, 2013 in the Wrestling Federation of India (WFI)’-comment

• Can the problem be solved by putting together anti-sexual harassment committees in all sports departments, federations, and government sports bodies?

• Does the Vishaka guidelines apply to female athletes?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍What sparked stir by wrestlers: Calls from women over ‘unsafe environment’ at camp

THE EDITORIAL PAGE

LICENCE TO KILL

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance–Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies IV: Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-Meeran Chadha Borwankar writes: Nearly 40 per cent of members of the current Parliament have criminal cases pending against them. Most of them do not feel vulnerable or threatened as they are aware that it will take years for trials to conclude. They are not wrong. A very serious case under the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOC) that we registered in 2004 in the Crime Branch Mumbai has just been concluded in January 2023.

• What is the main purpose of governance?

• What if the elected members themselves have criminal records? How can governance be ensured?

• For Your Information-According to the author, in India, we have this critical gap between the registration of a crime and the process coming to a logical end. This gap has become so humongous that extra-constitutional means are being adopted to fill it. As per the National Crime Records Bureau’s 2021 report, only 10,416 cases of murder were disposed of during the year with just a 42.4 per cent conviction rate. The Law minister has admitted to more than 4.7 crore cases pending in various courts.

• Why does the questionable methods of “bumping off” in private and “encounters” in uniform have thus gained public approval and approbation as the last resort?

• “These days, encounters are predicted by criminals themselves and eagerly anticipated by citizens”-Analyse

• “Politicians play a very powerful role at police stations, compromising both integrity and impartiality of field staff”-Comment

• Does the police has the right to commit encounter as per law?

• What is retributive justice?

• Encounter killing-Ethical or unethical?

• Encounter Killings and due process of law-connect the dots

• If you remember, the Uttar Pradesh police also killed 56-year-old gangster Vikas Dubey, in an encounter quite similar to a case that took place in Hyderabad (Telangana) in December 2019. In both instances, public sentiment was in favour of these extrajudicial executions-How Public sentiments drives encounter killings?

• On encounters killings, the Supreme Court of India ensures proper guidelines and procedures-what are those guidelines?

• What National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) says on Encounter Killings or Extrajudicial Killings?

• Do You Know-On September 23, 2014, a bench of then CJI RM Lodha and Rohinton Fali Nariman issued detailed guidelines enumerating 16 points to be followed “in the matters of investigating police encounters in the cases of death as the standard procedure for thorough, effective and independent investigation.” The guidelines came in the case “People’s Union for Civil Liberties v State of Maharashtra”, and included the registration of a first information report (FIR) as mandatory along with provisions for magisterial inquiry, keeping written records of intelligence inputs and independent investigation by bodies such as the CID.

• What is collective conscience of society?

• Why is collective conscience important?

• “Murder-for-murder frames disturbing questions”-Comment

• An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind-Decode the quote in this context

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍UPSC Ethics Simplified: Indian Police and Ethics

THE IDEAS PAGE

Wages are rising

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

Main Examination: General Studies II: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story– Surjit Bhalla writes: Rural real wage growth is an important indicator of the wellbeing of individuals, especially the poor. It is for this reason that I read with considerable interest a recent article (IE, April 13, “Wages of Distress”) by one of India’s well-known and most respected economists, Jean Dreze. Dreze, a former member of the Sonia Gandhi-led National Advisory Council, makes startlingly pessimistic conclusions about the Indian economy. His major point is there is a “stark and disturbing contrast between the rapid growth of the Indian economy and the sluggish growth of (rural) real wages” between 2014-2021.

• What is real wage growth?

• How real wage is calculated?

• What is the difference between wage, nominal wage and real wage?

• What is Compound Annual Growth Rate?

• “Dreze obtains a rate of growth (hereafter CAGR) of just 0.2 per cent (actually 0.15 per cent); I obtain a CAGR eight times larger at 1.2 per cent”-why so much of difference?

• ‘Dreze obtains his data from the RBI website’-what RBI report says?

• For Your Information-The RBI reports the data for only four male occupations, one of which “males in horticulture” Dreze ignores because such data are reported for only a few states. For the record, the CAGR for male horticulture workers was 1.5 per cent and for women 1.6 per cent (data reported for seven large states). Incidentally among the 38 odd sex-occupation categories, horticulture real wage growth is among the top 2 or 3.

• What is Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers (CPIAL)

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Jean Drèze writes: Wages are the worry, not just unemployment

EXPLAINED

India’s first water bodies census: why, and what it says

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change that do not require subject specialization.

Main Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story– The Ministry of Jal Shakti has released the report of India’s first water bodies census, a comprehensive database of ponds, tanks, lakes, and reservoirs in the country. The census was conducted in 2018-19, and enumerated more than 2.4 million water bodies across all states and Union Territories.

• What is census of water bodies in India?

• How is a ‘water body’ defined

• For Your Information-The Water Bodies: First Census Report considers “all natural or man-made units bounded on all sides with some or no masonry work used for storing water for irrigation or other purposes (e.g. industrial, pisciculture, domestic/ drinking, recreation, religious, ground water recharge etc.)” as water bodies. The water bodies “are usually of various types known by different names like tank, reservoirs, ponds etc.”, it says. According to the report, “A structure where water from ice-melt, streams, springs, rain or drainage of water from residential or other areas is accumulated or water is stored by diversion from a stream, nala or river will also be treated as water body.” As per the report, West Bengal’s South 24 Pargana has been ranked as the district having the highest (3.55 lakh) number of water bodies across the country. The district is followed by Andhra Pradesh’s Ananthapur (50,537) and West Bengal’s Howrah (37,301).

• Did the census cover all water bodies that fit this definition?

• Seven specific types of water bodies were excluded from the count-what are they?

• Which state has highest number of ponds & reservoirs?

• Which state has highest number of tanks?

• Which state has highest number of lakes?

• Which state is the leading state for water conservation scheme?

• Most of the water bodies are used in pisciculture and not for the irrigation-True or False?

• What was the need for a water bodies census?

• How were the census data collected?

• What does the census reveal about encroachment of water bodies?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍In first-ever waterbody census, Bengal tops list of states with most ponds and reservoirs

Why urea rules India’s farms

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development

Mains Examination: General Studies III: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story– In May 2015, the Centre made it mandatory to coat all indigenously manufactured and imported urea with neem oil. This was followed by replacing 50-kg bags with 45-kg ones in March 2018, and the launch of liquid ‘Nano Urea’ by the Indian Farmers’ Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO) in June 2021. None of the above measures — checking illegal diversion for non-agricultural use, smaller bags, and increasing nitrogen use efficiency — have succeeded in reducing urea consumption.

• What data and Statistics says about India’s Urea consumption?

• Fertilizer Consumption in India-Know in detail

• What is Fertilizer?

• What is Urea?

• For Your Information-Sales of urea crossed a record 35.7 million tonnes (mt) in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. Consumption did dip in the initial two years after neem-coating was fully enforced from December 2015, seemingly making it difficult for the heavily subsidised fertiliser to be used by plywood, particle board, textile dye, cattle feed and synthetic milk makers. But that trend reversed from 2018-19. Urea sales in 2022-23 were about 5.1 mt higher than in 2015-16 and over 9 mt than in 2009-10, before the introduction of the so-called nutrient-based subsidy (NBS) regime in April 2010. All other fertilisers, barring single super phosphate (SSP), have registered much lower increases or even declines.

• Why excessive use of urea and now di-ammonium phosphate or DAP?

• What harm can excessive use of urea and now di-ammonium phosphate, or DAP, do to a farmer?

• Do You Know-The ideal NPK use ratio for the country is 4:2:1, whereas it was 6.5:2.8:1 in 2020-21 and 7.7:3.1:1 in 2021-22. In the recent 2022 kharif season, the ratio got further distorted to 12.8:5.1:1.

• Primary (Macro) Nutrients and Secondary (Micro) Nutrients in Fertiliser-Know the difference

• Know more about Fertiliser Sector in India and Related Policies

• Fertilizer comes under Union List, State List or Concurrent List?

• know the basics of Fertiliser Subsidy

• Subsidy Mechanism in the form of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)-know more in detail

• What is the fertiliser requirement of a typical farmer?

• How much subsidy does a farmer really get per acre?

• What is Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP)?

• NPK in Fertilisers-Have you heard of ‘NPK’? What is NPK and Its Ideal Ratio in Fertilizers?

• What is Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) in fertilizer?

• Does urea comes under Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS)?

• For Your Information- Under NBS, the government fixed a per-kg subsidy for each fertiliser nutrient: Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potash (K) and sulphur (S). This was as against the earlier product-specific subsidy regime. Linking subsidy to nutrient content was intended to promote balanced fertilisation by discouraging farmers from applying too much urea, di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and muriate of potash (MOP). These are fertilisers with high content of a single nutrient: Urea (46% N), DAP (46% P plus 18% N) and MOP (60% K). NBS was expected to induce product innovation, besides more use of complex fertilisers (having lower concentrations of N, P, K and S in different proportions) and SSP (containing only 16% P but also 11% S). However, the data reveals worsening of nutrient imbalance, with urea consumption rising by over a third since 2009-10. This has been largely courtesy of its maximum retail price (MRP) going up by a mere 16.5% – from Rs 4,830 to Rs 5,628 per tonne – post the introduction of NBS. The Narendra Modi government has, in the last one year, also brought back price controls on DAP, with companies not allowed to charge more than Rs 27,000 per tonne. It has led to the sales of both fertilisers soaring in 2022-23, at the expense of NPKS complexes and SSP.

• What is the way ahead?

• What is Nano Urea?

• Way Ahead-If applying more urea is counterproductive – manifested in diminishing crop yield response to fertilisers and a rising share of applied N getting “lost” through ammonia volatilisation or leaching into the groundwater as nitrate the obvious solution is to reduce its consumption and promote products containing other nutrients in desired (crop- and soil-specific) combinations. There are two approaches to cut urea consumption. The first is raising prices. The current per-tonne MRPs – Rs 5,628 for urea, Rs 27,000 for DAP and Rs 34,000 for MOP – are nowhere compatible with a 4:2:1 NPK use ratio generally considered ideal for Indian soils. But since increasing urea prices isn’t politically easy, a second approach is to improve Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) enabling farmers to harvest the same or more grain yields with fewer bags. Fertiliser industry expert G. Ravi Prasad believes that the government should make incorporation of urease and nitrification inhibitors compulsory in urea. These are chemical compounds that inhibit the activity of urease (a soil enzyme that breaks down urea into ammonium and further to ammonia) and nitrifying bacteria (that convert ammonium to nitrate), making more N available to the crops.

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍UREA FIXATION

Previous year UPSC Prelims question covering same theme:

📍Why does the Government of India promote the use of ‘Neem-coated Urea’ in agriculture? (GS1, 2016)

A. Release of Neem oil in the soil increases nitrogen fixation by the soil microorganisms.
B. Neem coating slows down the rate of distribution of urea in the soil
C. Nitrous oxide, which is a greenhouse gas, is not at all released into the atmosphere by crop fields.
D. It is a combination of a weedicide and a fertilizer for particular crops.

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE: WHAT HAPPENED IN APRIL 1915

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.

Main Examination: 

• General Studies I: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political
philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc. their forms and effect on the society.

• General Studies II: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story- On this day 108 years ago, on April 24, 1915, the Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) began rounding up Armenian political and cultural leaders in Constantinople, marking the beginning of what would come to be known as the Armenian genocide. Over the next year or so, over a million Armenians would die executed, murdered, or left to die of exhaustion and starvation. Many others would be exiled, losing their homeland forever. In the century since, the term “genocide” is still not universally applied to the Armenian tragedy, though support for that is growing. What exactly was done to the Armenians before World War I? What is the official definition of genocide, and what is the debate around whether or not the Armenian massacre can be called one?

• What do you understand by term “genocide”?

• What happened to the Armenians?

• What Turkey claims happened?

• Recognition of Armenian ‘genocide’-what are the views on this?

• For Your Information-As of today, 32 countries, including the US, France, Germany, recognise the Armenian genocide. India does not, nor does the UK. The US joined this group only in 2021, under President Joe Biden, and support from other countries too was slow in coming.
Turkey’s geopolitical importance has meant that not a lot of governments want to pick issues with it on the Armenian issue. Although most countries have condemned the tragedy, the use of ‘genocide’ has been avoided, as the term was coined only in 1944 and because Turkey has always claimed that there is no proof the deaths were planned and targeted. The modern state of Armenia has in the past sought better ties with Turkey, although the two are now locked in a tussle over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, an Armenian-dominated part of Azerbaijan where Turkey supports Azerbaijan.

• Does India Recognises Armenian ‘genocide’?

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Why India is special to Armenians: Their land of prosperity

What causes cheetah deaths, and why confining them may not help

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change

Main Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

Key Points to Ponder:

• What’s the ongoing story-One of the 12 cheetahs flown in from South Africa in February, a six-year-old male named Uday, died in Kuno National Park on Sunday (April 23) morning. Only days ago, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan had asked the state forest department to prepare Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary as the second home for the spotted cats to relieve pressure on Kuno. Of the 20 cheetahs brought to India from Africa in the world’s first intercontinental translocation project, 18 now remain. Five-year-old Sasha, one of the eight cheetahs that arrived from Namibia last September, died on March 27.

• Were these unfortunate cheetah deaths unexpected?

• So is shifting the goalpost a viable step?

• And how do cheetahs die?

• For Your Information-The South African study documented the causes of mortality, where it could be established, for 293 cheetah deaths. It found that holding camps caused 6.5% of cheetah deaths, immobilisation/ transit caused 7.5% deaths, and another 0.7% were caused by tracking devices. This added up to almost 15% so, one in every seven cheetah deaths was attributed to handling and management. Predation turned out to be the biggest killer in the study, accounting for 53.2% of cheetah mortality. Lions, leopards, hyenas, and jackals were primarily responsible. Several other wildlife including warthogs, baboons, snakes, elephants, crocodiles, vultures, zebras, and even ostriches killed cheetahs. It is well documented that cheetahs suffer very high cub mortality up to 90% in protected areas mainly due to predation. Consequently, nearly 80% of all cheetahs throughout their range in Africa are found living outside of protected parks and reserves. In Africa, the lion is the chief predator of cheetahs; in India, where lions are absent except in Gujarat, leopards are likely to slip into that role in potential cheetah landscapes. It is certainly not viable to keep cheetahs in leopard-proof enclosures in the long run. The strategy of restricting them to sanctuaries and national parks by repeated sedate-and-recover interventions is fraught with the risk of harming the animals, project experts have conceded.

• What options are available to the project now?

• The Reintroduction of the Cheetah in India was the first such trans-continental project-Know how Reintroduction of the cheetah in India plan was executed?

• What is the Reintroduction of the cheetah in India plan?

• Cheetah in India- Background

• Extinction of Cheetah from Indian Landscape-know the reasons

• Action Plan for Introduction of Cheetah in India-Important Highlights

• Know the difference between cheetah and Leopard and African cheetah and Asiatic cheetah

• Supreme Court of India on Translocating Animals-know in detail

• Trans-continental translocation of Animals-know the Issues and Challenges

• Map Work India-Kuno Palpur National Park (Madhya Pradesh)

Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:

📍Explained: How cheetahs went extinct in India, and the plan to reintroduce them into the wild

📍What it takes to successfully move big cats like cheetahs out of their natural habitats

For any queries and feedback, contact priya.shukla@indianexpress.com
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