Premium
Premium

Women’s reservation: How numbers stack up in Parliament

While the House grants permission for the introduction of the Bill by a simple majority of those present and voting, the numbers opposing the introduction show the actual strength of the opposition in the House.

delimitationLok Sabha is discussing Delimitation Bill and Women Reservation Bill today. (Fiel Photo)
Written by: Vikas Pathak
3 min readNew DelhiApr 16, 2026 03:17 PM IST First published on: Apr 16, 2026 at 12:28 PM IST

By demanding for a division of votes to ascertain whether the Lok Sabha approves of the introduction of three Bills aiming at advancing women’s reservation to 2029, the opposition has sought to test the waters in terms of how the numbers on both sides stack up.

While the House grants permission for the introduction of the Bill by a simple majority of those present and voting, the numbers opposing the introduction show the actual strength of the opposition in the House. This is important because when the Constitutional (131st) Amendment Bill is put to vote, the government will require a special majority – meaning two-thirds of those present and voting, which should not be less than one half of the strength of the House. A constitutional amendment Bill has to be passed by both the Houses separately with such special majorities.

Advertisement

How numbers stack up

 

Women's Reservation Bill: Do numbers add up? | Lok Sabha

360
Votes needed for Constitutional Amendment Two-thirds of members present & voting (not less than half of total House strength of 543)
Seat Strength at a Glance
NDA
293
BJP: 240 seats + allied parties: 53 seats 67 short of 360-vote threshold
Non-NDA
241
Congress: 98 seats (largest) + other opposition parties Can block amendment if united
7 Independent MPs — not counted in either bloc
Composition of 541 seated membersNeed: 360 votes
 
 
 
 
NDA — 293
 
Non-NDA — 241
 
Independents — 7
 

Any Constitutional amendment will require 360 votes in the Lok Sabha, if all present members turn up. The BJP, at 240, has the highest number of seats. The NDA’s total seat tally is 293, excluding seven independent MPs. The non-NDA, of which the Congress with its 98 members is the largest party, has 241 members.

The present strength of the ruling NDA in the Rajya Sabha is as follows – BJP 106, TDP 2, JD (U) 4, Shiv Sena 2, RLD 1, JD (S) 1, AGP 1, NCP 4, AIADMK 5, RPI (Athawale) 1, Rashtriya Lok Morcha (Upendra Kushwaha’s party) 1, United People’s Party (Liberal) 2, apart from 7 nominated members who haven’t yet joined the BJP, independent Rajya Sabha MP Kartikeya Sharma, and one each from the MNF, NPP and PMK. This adds up to 145. Five nominated members who joined the BJP have already been counted in the BJP’s tally of 106.

 

Women's Reservation Bill: Do numbers add up? | Rajya Sabha

NDA Bloc
145
Total NDA Strength in Rajya Sabha Includes 7 nominated members (not yet joined BJP) + Ind. MP Kartikeya Sharma + MNF, NPP, PMK (1 each)
106
BJP
5
AIADMK
4
JD(U)
4
NCP
2
TDP
2
Shiv Sena
2
UPPL
7
Others*
*Others (NDA): RLD 1, JD(S) 1, AGP 1, RPI(A) 1, RLM 1 + nominated (not yet BJP) 7 + Ind. 1 + MNF 1, NPP 1, PMK 1 | Note: 5 nominated members who joined BJP already counted in BJP's 106
Opposition Bloc
94
Total Opposition Strength in Rajya Sabha Parties that can take a line against the BJP — 19 parties in all
29
Congress
13
TMC
10
AAP
8
DMK
6
BJD
4
SP
3
NC
3
BRS
3
CPI(M)
3
RJD
2
JMM
2
IUML
2
CPI
6
Others†
†Others (Opposition — 1 seat each): SS(UBT), NSP(SP), MDMK, KC(M), BSP, DMDK
 

In the case of parties that can take a line against the BJP, the Congress has gone up from 27 to 29 members, the TMC has 13, the AAP 10, the BJD 6, the Samajwadi Party 4, the NC 3, the BRS 3, the DMK 8, the Shiv Sena (UBT) 1, the NSP (SP) 1, the CPI (M) 3, the RJD 3, the JMM 2, the IUML 2, the CPI 2, the MDMK 1, the Kerala Congress (M) 1, the BSP 1, and the DMDK 1.

Vikas Pathak is deputy associate editor with The Indian Express and writes on national politics. He ... Read More

Latest Comment
Post Comment
Read Comments