Al-Qaeda papers highlight tense dealings with Iran

The papers seized in last year8217;s raid on bin Laden8217;s Pakistan hide-out and posted online Thursday by the US Army8217;s Combating Terrorism Center portray al-Qaeda8217;s relations with Iran as clouded by deep mutual distrust and sharply divergent interests.

A June 2009 al-Qaeda memo possibly to bin Laden refers to the Iranian government as 8220;criminals8221; in a no-holds bashing of its opaque and unpredictable policies.

8220;The criminals did not send us any letter,8221; wrote al-Qaeda8217;s top Afghanistan commander,Atiyah Abd al-Rahman,about the earlier kidnapping of an Iranian diplomat in Pakistan that was believed to have been carried out by militants linked to al-Qaeda.

8220;Such behavior is,of course,not unusual for the Iranians; indeed it is typical of their mindset and methods,8221; continued al-Rahman,who was killed the following year in a CIA drone strike in the Waziristan region of Pakistan. 8220;They do not wish to appear to be negotiating with us or responding to our pressures.8221;

In one narrow sense,al-Qaeda and the West share this much: exasperation over Tehran8217;s shifting and often contradictory messages that extend all the way to talks over its nuclear program.

The full extent of the interplay between Iran and al-Qaeda remains unclear to Western policymakers. But the newly disclosed documents reinforce the long-held consensus that there is little common ground.

Al-Qaeda operatives and even bin Laden relatives used Iran as an escape route during the US-led military campaign in Afghanistan after the Sept 11 attacks.

Iran was not willing to be an open passageway,however. Dozens of top al-Qaeda figures,including one of bin Laden8217;s sons,Omar,were placed under house arrest-style detention. Many were later released,but several high-ranking al-Qaeda figures are believed to remain in Iran under close surveillance,including the network8217;s most senior military strategist,Saif al-Adel,one of the alleged masterminds of the 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies in Africa.

In 2010,another of bin Laden8217;s sons,Khalid,sent a letter to Iran8217;s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei claiming that his relatives were mistreated and 8220;beaten and silenced.8221; Al-Qaeda8217;s branch in North Africa issued a warning to Iran over the matter. Khalid was among those killed in the U.S. raid on bin Laden8217;s compound in Pakistan a year ago.

The reasons behind the mutual suspicions cut across many of the region8217;s main flashpoints.

Iran was a major foe of Afghanistan8217;s Taliban,which sheltered al-Qaeda before the Sept. 11 attacks and remains its close ally. In 1998,Sunni-led Taliban forces overran Mazar-e-Sharif in northern Afghanistan and were accused of killing eight Iranian diplomats as well as Afghans with cultural and religious ties to Iran,a Shiite power.

In Iraq,Sunni insurgents backed by al-Qaeda often targeted Shiites in attempts to trigger an all-out civil war during the occupation by American forces.

Some hard-line militants backing al-Qaeda which is made up almost entirely of Islam8217;s majority Sunnis consider Islam8217;s Shiite branch as heretical and view Iran8217;s regional ambitions as a greater threat than the West. Last year,the al-Qaeda faction in Yemen declared 8220;holy war8221; against Shiite rebels that get apparent indirect support from Tehran.

Iran,meanwhile,is acutely aware of the consequences if it is perceived as accommodating toward al-Qaeda. Key Iranian allies such as Russia and China tolerate Tehran8217;s backing for anti-Israel militant groups led by Hamas and Hezbollah,but any major concessions to al-Qaeda would risk crippling blows to Iran8217;s strategic networks.

A possible motive for keeping the al-Qaeda figures under Iranian custody is as insurance against possible retaliation attacks by the terror group. Also they could be used as bargaining chips with the West. In 2003,Iran received rare Western praise after giving the UN Security Council the names of 225 al-Qaeda suspects detained after illegally crossing into Iran. The suspects were later deported to their countries in the Middle East,Europe and Africa.

The list included Yemen-born Naser Abdel Karim al-Wahishi,bin Laden8217;s former private secretary,who was sent to his homeland and later escaped prison and helps lead the group al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. Another,according to the newly released documents,was Salim al-Misri,who is believed to have received explosives training from Hezbollah.

The most direct contact between Iran and the al-Qaeda leadership may have come during eventual negotiations in late 2009 to free the kidnapped diplomat,Heshmatollah Attarzadeh,who was held for nearly 15 months and released in March 2010.

Western officials believe that al-Qaeda,in return for its help in freeing Attarzadeh,won the release of dozens of al-Qaeda operatives and bin Laden family members,and better treatment for others remaining in Iranian custody.

In his June 2009 letter,the al-Qaeda commander al-Rahman claimed the terror group outmaneuvered Iran8217;s envoys during the talks over 8220;their friend8221; Attarzadeh.

8220;Our efforts,which included escalating a political and media campaign,the threats we made,the kidnapping of their friend8230; and other reasons that scared them,8221; he wrote,8221;were among the reasons that led them to expedite8221; the release of the al-Qaeda detainees.