WHO confirms H9N2 bird flu in India in 4-year-old; here’s how it affects kids differently as compared to adults

Let’s understand about the illness and how it manifests.

H9N2 is a subtype of avian influenza virus, commonly found in birds. “While it primarily infects birds, it can occasionally infect humans, including children,” said Dr Saurabh Khanna, lead consultant, paediatrics and neonatology, CK Birla Hospital, Gurgaon.

The risk of getting bird flu is comparatively low unless children come in contact with a contaminated environment, infected birds, animals, or their secretions, said Dr Jagdish Kathwate, consultant neonatologist and paediatrician, Motherhood Hospital Kharadi Pune.

Causes

Transmission: Primarily via contact with contaminated environments or diseased birds. “Children who are exposed to live poultry markets or farms may contract the virus. The virus can adapt to humans and cause infection,” elaborated Dr Khanna. “Unlike some other bird flu strains, H9N2 is generally considered less pathogenic, meaning it typically causes mild illness in humans,” said Dr Mannan.

Common Symptoms

Like any other viral infection –Fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and headache.
Other Symptoms: Muscle aches, fatigue, and conjunctivitis.

In some cases, severe symptoms like difficulty breathing and pneumonia can occur.

It is crucial to immediately seek medical guidance if you start to experience symptoms like fever, lack of appetite, cough, sore throat, and breathing problems for prompt diagnosis, urged Dr Kathwate.

Prevention

Limiting exposure to live poultry and bird markets is essential for preventing H9N2 avian influenza since these types of environments can act as hotspots for viral transmission. “Reducing the risk of infection requires adhering to proper hygiene practices, such as frequent hand washing, especially after interacting with birds or their habitats,” said Dr Khanna.

Getting the yearly flu shot can provide some cross-protection against H9N2, even if there isn’t a specialised vaccination for it, added Dr Khanna. “The risk of getting the virus can also be reduced by using protective gear, such as masks and gloves when working with birds,” mentioned Dr Khanna.

Diagnosis

Multiple laboratory tests are part of the H9N2 avian influenza diagnostic process. According to Dr Khanna, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or RT-PCR, is frequently used to identify viruses precisely by detecting the presence of viral RNA. “Swabs from the throat and nose are also necessary because they are used to isolate and identify viruses, which enables a detailed examination of the infection,” said Dr Khanna.

Furthermore, serological studies—blood tests that look for antibodies against the virus—are essential for determining immune responses and verifying prior infections. “These extensive testing techniques are essential for precise H9N2 avian influenza diagnosis and efficient treatment,” Dr Khanna.

Bird flu can affect adults as well as children (Source: Freepik)

Management/Treatment:

– Antiviral Drugs: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza) may be effective if started early.
– Supportive Care: Hydration, rest, fever management, and addressing respiratory symptoms.
– Hospitalisation: In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for respiratory support and intensive care.

How is it different from adults?

The impact of H9N2 avian influenza can differ significantly between children and adults, said Dr Khanna. “While children often experience milder symptoms compared to adults, they are also more susceptible to severe complications due to their developing immune systems. Additionally, children are more likely to come into contact with birds during play, which increases their risk of infection. This combination of factors underscores the need for heightened vigilance and protective measures for children to mitigate their risk of contracting and spreading the virus,” elaborated Dr Khanna.

General advice for parents

– Monitor children for flu-like symptoms if they’ve been around birds.
– Keep children away from areas with known bird flu outbreaks.
– Ensure good hygiene practices.

Understanding these aspects of H9N2 bird flu helps in preventing, diagnosing, and treating the infection effectively, especially in vulnerable populations like children. “The annual influenza vaccination during such epidemics can be emphasised,” said Dr Khanna.

What to note?

It’s important to remember that H9N2 is not easily transmitted between humans, and the overall risk for the general public remains low, said Dr Manna, “However, maintaining awareness of potential zoonotic diseases like H9N2 and practicing good infection control protocols is essential to safeguard children’s health,” added Dr Mannan.