Navigating adolescence is like sailing through a sea of change. Among the many changes a young girl undergoes, one of the most significant is menarche – the first menstrual cycle. This milestone is a crucial part of the journey toward womanhood. However, it is also accompanied by a lot of questions, concerns, and apprehensions. “Getting your period is a natural and healthy part of growing up. It’s not something to be embarrassed about, and it’s definitely not a taboo topic. Society has evolved in its understanding of menstruation, and we should all contribute to breaking the stigma around it,” said Dr Neha Pawar, consultant, gynaecology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital Mumbai.
Menarche, the onset of menstruation, marks the beginning of a woman’s reproductive journey, and while it can be a confusing and sometimes overwhelming experience, it is essential to understand the changes happening within your body. So, this Menstrual Hygiene Day, observed annually on May 28, let’s dive into what every teenager needs to understand about menarche.
Menarche is a normal part of development
Firstly, it’s crucial to recognise that menarche is a normal and natural process. Every girl goes through it at some point in her life. It typically occurs between the ages of 10 and 15, but this can vary, said Dr Neema Sharma, director- obstetrics and gynaecology, Fortis Hospital, Vasant Kunj.
Here’s what to consider about the period cycle (Source: Getty Images/Thinkstock)
Physical and emotional changes
During menarche, your body undergoes several changes. Physical changes such as breast development, growth spurts, and the appearance of pubic and underarm hair are common. “Alongside these physical changes, you may experience emotional fluctuations. It’s important to understand that these changes are part of growing up,” said Dr Sharma.
Experts urge that it is important to note that periods may be irregular at first. “It’s common for menstrual cycles to be irregular during the first few years after menarche. This is because the body is still establishing a regular hormonal pattern. Keeping track of your menstrual cycle using a calendar or period-tracking app can help you identify any irregularities or patterns over time,” said Dr Garima Sawhney, senior gynaecologist and co-founder, Pristyn Care.
A period usually lasts between three to seven days, with the menstrual cycle repeating every 21 to 35 days. “However, it might take a year or two for the cycle to become regular. Initially, it might be unpredictable and might differ in duration, flow, and accompanying symptoms, Dr Pawar said.
Understanding the menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is a monthly process that prepares your body for pregnancy. “It involves the shedding of the uterine lining, resulting in menstrual bleeding. It typically lasts 28 days, but again, it can vary from person to person. Learning about the menstrual cycle can help you predict and understand your periods better. Keep track of your cycle using a calendar or a period tracking app to monitor any irregularities or changes,” mentioned Dr Sharma.
Maintaining menstrual hygiene
Proper menstrual hygiene is vital for your overall well-being during menstruation. “Use clean and absorbent menstrual products like pads, tampons, or menstrual cups. Change them regularly to avoid discomfort and prevent infections. Ensure that you dispose of used products responsibly and maintain good personal hygiene by washing your genital area with mild soap and water,” Dr Sharma said.
Coping with menstrual discomfort
It is common to have mild to moderate pain or discomfort, known as dysmenorrhea, during the menstrual cycle. Also, many girls experience discomfort during their periods, such as cramps, bloating, and mood swings. “You can alleviate these symptoms by applying a heating pad or taking a warm bath, engaging in light exercises, practicing relaxation techniques, or using over-the-counter pain relievers, as advised by your healthcare provider. Remember, if your menstrual pain is severe or disrupts your daily life, consult a healthcare professional for guidance,” said Dr Sharma.
Communication is key
Open communication with trusted adults, such as parents, guardians, or healthcare professionals, is essential during this time. “Don’t hesitate to ask questions or share your concerns. They can provide guidance, and support, and address any issues you may have regarding menarche or menstrual health. Remember, there are no silly or embarrassing questions when it comes to your well-being,” Dr Sharma noted.
Dr Sawhney expressed that it’s important to prioritise self-care, seek support from trusted friends, family, or mentors, and practice stress-management techniques like exercise, deep breathing, or engaging in hobbies. “If emotional challenges persist, consider speaking to a healthcare professional,” said Dr Sawhney.
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Menarche, the onset of menstruation, marks the beginning of a woman's reproductive journey (Source: Getty Images/Thinkstock) 
Here’s what to consider about the period cycle (Source: Getty Images/Thinkstock)
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