Heat, humidity pose challenges in Olympic marathon swimming

Varying conditions appeal to marathon swimmers because of the challenges they present. But the potential for dangerous air and water temperatures had some swimmers, coaches and federations urging Olympic organizers to move the races from Tokyo Bay to a cooler location.

The capital’s heat and humidity has already affected other sports during the Tokyo Games. But no change was made.

Instead, organizers moved the start times up to 6:30 a.m. hoping to beat the heat. That’s about 1 1/2 hours after sunrise in Tokyo, when the temperature is often already at 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius) and climbing.

The women’s 10k is Wednesday, when the forecast calls for 91 degrees F (33 degrees C) and partly cloudy skies. Conditions for the men are expected to be a few degrees warmer with full sun on Thursday.

FINA, the sport’s governing body, limits the upper water temperature to 88 degrees F (31 degrees C) for marathon swimming. By contrast, the upper limit for pool swimming is 82 degrees F (28 degrees C).

To prepare, Wellbrock said, “we spend a lot of time in the hot tub at home.”

The 23-year-old German said he doesn’t believe the earlier start will help much. Wellbrock plans to rise about 3 a.m., eat breakfast and drink two or three coffees to get energized.

Gregorio Paltrinieri of Italy trained in cold and hot water.

“I tried everything,” he said. “I’m going to have to drink a lot during the race.”

Staying hydrated and maintaining energy levels is crucial.

Gregorio Paltrinieri of Italy in action. (REUTERS/Lisi Niesner)

Water and feeding stations on the course keep the swimmers fortified during the six-lap race. Coaches use cups attached to poles to pass to their athletes as they swim by the pontoons. To avoid losing time, swimmers continue to churn along as they eat and drink, tossing the cups when they’re done.

The course at Odaiba Marine Park offers scenic views of the skyscrapers surrounding Tokyo Bay. The Rainbow Bridge provides a towering backdrop, with giant Olympic rings floating nearby.

American swimmer Haley Anderson competed in a test event in Tokyo Bay in August 2019, where sweltering conditions prevailed. She dropped out less than a quarter of the way through the 10k race.

The 2016 Olympic races were overshadowed by pollution off Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro.

In Rio, a dozen swimmers entered the final 100 meters together in the men’s race. Ferry Weertman of the Netherlands and Spyridon Gianniotis of Greece broke away from the pack and ended up with the exact same finishing time. A photo finish showed Gianniotis was in the lead, but Weertman slapped his hand on the overhead timing panel first to take the gold.

Weertman is back to defend his title, along with Rio bronze medalist Marc-Antoine Olivier of France. Wellbrock earned a bronze medal in the 1,500-meter freestyle in the pool in Tokyo.

The women’s field in Tokyo includes defending Olympic champion Sharon van Rouwendaal of the Netherlands, 2016 silver medalist Rachele Bruni of Italy, and Alice Dearing, the first Black female swimmer to represent Britain in the Games.

Also competing is five-time world champion Ana Marcela Cunha of Brazil; Anderson, the 2012 Olympic silver medalist; and Xin Xin of China, who was fourth in Rio.

Dearing made news before the Games with her bid to wear an extra-large cap designed specifically for thick and curly hair. FINA rejected the cap, citing no previous instances in which swimmers needed “caps of such size and configuration.”