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A recent genetic study from UK scientists suggests that depression may be a direct cause of type 2 diabetes, which could support attempts to prevent the disease.
Over 500 million individuals worldwide have type 2 diabetes, which has been linked to depression through shared genetics and a causal association, according to The Guardian.
Following the study, suggestions have been made for depression to be added to the list of type 2 diabetes risk factors, along with other variables including obesity, inactivity, and a family history of the disease.
Both diseases have historically been associated with one another as people having type 2 diabetes are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression than the general population. According to Dr Shaunak Ajinkya, Consultant, Psychiatrist, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, depression and type 2 diabetes have a bidirectional relationship, meaning they can influence each other and increase the risk of the other condition.
Although it was never made clear whether type 2 diabetes led to depression or vice versa, or if other factors, including obesity, were also at play. This research suggests that depression causes diabetes, rather than the other way around.
Depression can be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes because it can affect various aspects of a person’s life that are closely related to diabetes development.
Chronic stress and depression can lead to unhealthy behaviors like overeating, physical inactivity, and poor sleep, which can contribute to obesity and insulin resistance, both of which are a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, explained Dr Sanjay Singh, General Physician, Cygnus Laxmi Hospital.
Additionally, depression can impact the body’s stress response system and lead to dysregulation of hormones involved in glucose metabolism, such as cortisol, insulin, and glucagon, as per Dr Ajinkya, who added that this dysregulation also contributes to the development of insulin resistance.
On the other hand, type 2 diabetes can also be a risk factor for developing depression. “The burden of managing a chronic illness, the stress associated with it, and the potential for complications can significantly affect a person’s mental health and increase the risk of depression,” Dr Ajinkya said.
Assessing the risk can be done through a combination of factors, according to the experts, including:
A person with a history of depression or a family history of type 2 diabetes are at higher risk.
Assessing the person’s lifestyle habits, including diet, physical activity levels, and substance abuse, can help determine their risk.
Checking for signs of obesity or other metabolic abnormalities can provide an indication of diabetes risk.
Assessing fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c (average blood glucose levels over the past few months) can help determine if a person has diabetes or is at risk of developing it.
If someone with depression is identified to be at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, interventions such as lifestyle modifications, regular physical activity, and mental health assessment and support may be recommended to reduce the risk and improve overall well-being.
Apart from depression, these experts say that several other risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes:
Managing depression to reduce the risk of developing diabetes involves a multi-faceted approach, as per the experts, such as:
Consult with a mental health expert or therapist to address and manage your depression. This may include therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), if necessary.
Seek support from friends, family, or support groups. Sharing your feelings and experiences with others who understand can help alleviate symptoms of depression.
Focus on regular exercise, a balanced diet, and weight management to improve insulin sensitivity and overall health. Alcohol and certain substances worsen symptoms of depression and increase the risk of developing diabetes, so it’s best to avoid their use.
Prioritise a regular sleep schedule and aim for 7 to 9 hours of quality sleep every night. Poor sleep can worsen symptoms of depression and increase the risk of developing diabetes.
Practice relaxation techniques such as mindfulness, yoga, or meditation to reduce stress levels. Find healthy ways to cope with stress like engaging in hobbies or activities which you enjoy.
In some cases, medication may be necessary to treat depression, and it’s essential to follow a healthcare provider’s guidance. If you are taking medication for depression, it’s important to take it as prescribed and attend regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider.
If you’re at risk, maintain regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your blood sugar levels and overall health.
Remember that a collaborative approach involving mental health professionals, primary care physicians, and lifestyle modifications is crucial to manage both depression and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes effectively.
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