4 min readHyderabadJun 17, 2025 08:40 AM IST
First published on: Jun 17, 2025 at 07:35 AM IST
Months before security forces moved in to flush out Maoists from their forest strongholds, the politburo of the banned CPI (Maoist), its highest decision-making body, informed the cadres “we are retreating forces from Dandakaranya”, the vast swathe of land they once controlled across states in the heart of the country.
The politburo decision, which stemmed from the realisation of their waning appeal among people, was conveyed through a secret circular issued in August 2024.
The circular, in essence, readied the underground cadre of the outfit to prepare for the worst which was to come, as the security forces closed in on them.
Hunted by security forces as part of Operation Kagar, the CPI (Maoist) attributed the erosion of support to “postmodernism, Ambedkarism and NGOs”.
At the time the circular was issued, the politburo had Nambala Keshava Rao alias Basavaraju, the CPI (Maoist) general secretary, at its helm and three others including Mallojula Venugopal Rao alias Sonu, Thippiri Thirupathi alias Devuji and Misir Besra alias Sagar. Keshava Rao was killed in a gunbattle on May 21.
Intelligence officials say that while the Maoists had made elaborate measures to “save themselves”, they were “not able to execute their plans”.
“The offensive has been widespread with adequate deployment of forces. Most of the plans of the Maoists never materialised because of this,” a senior intelligence official told The Indian Express.
Assessing the politburo circular, the official said, “The CPI (Maoist) has not been able to have its influence on the new generation. Their assessment has come at a time when they consider their ‘movement’ to be weak.”
Currently, the Maoists are at their weakest with their politburo and central committee depleted, intelligence officials said. The politburo has shrunk to three and the central committee members are just 17, down from 42 in 2007-08.
The circular said that the party can undergo a strategic or long-term retreat or short-term tactical retreat. “In order to prevent loss in the present encirclement attack… forces must immediately retreat out of the purview of encirclement,” the circular stated.
The retreat was necessitated by a “temporary setback” that the CPI (Maoist) had been facing since 2019, the circular pointed out.
According to the circular, as part of the retreat, the Maoists decided to disband all their military commands and divide them into smaller groups.
“We must classify a unit of two groups of four (people) each as squad or section and a unit of two sections a platoon and a unit of two platoons and one section as a company. We must dissolve the units that cannot maintain this number and restructure the others,” it stated.
The decision to disband came as the party lost coordination between regional commands and regional forces due to the security crackdown, the circular stated.
The Maoists also decided to keep their units “constantly mobile”. Besides, the dissolved units, the circular said, should move into areas which were earlier vacated by them including in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
The Maoists admitted that they are “weak”. “At present, the party, people’s army (armed units) and united front are weak in the temporary setback… If we retreat forces from Dandakaranya, it might weaken the movement. However, in view of the importance of protection of forces, we must be prepared for this,” the circular stated.
On May 21 this year, security forces dealt the Maoists a severe blow, killing Basavaraju and 26 others in an encounter in the Abujhmad forests of Chhattisgarh. In Chhattisgarh alone, the number of Maoists killed this year has crossed 200. The series of security operations are being undertaken against the backdrop of a deadline Union Home Minister Amit Shah has set to eradicate Left Wing Extremism from the country – March 31, 2026.
The circular, in essence, readied the underground cadre of the outfit to prepare for the worst which was to come, as the security forces closed in on them. 
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