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Journalism of Courage
In a new documentary about the dementia struggles of his father, Hollywood actor Chris Hemsworth takes the 71-year-old down memory lane on a motorcycle, something he loved at one time.
The actor’s father, Craig Hemsworth, has early-stage Alzheimer’s making Chris genetically prone to the disease. The documentary follows their heartfelt attempt to use reminiscence therapy to combat it. According to the Alzheimer’ Association, reminiscence therapy “involves guided conversations about past experiences to promote comfort, pleasure and mental stimulation.” This way the brain can remain remain active.
Reminiscence therapy is a structured approach used in dementia care that encourages individuals to recall and share past experiences. It focuses on long-term memories, which often remain relatively preserved in the earlier and middle stages of dementia, even when short-term memory becomes impaired. The therapy is typically conducted using prompts such as photographs, familiar objects, music, or recorded stories that help individuals access meaningful memories.
Reminiscence therapy does not cure dementia or stop its progression. However, research shows that it can improve mood, well-being, communication and social interaction in many people living with the condition. It is considered a non-pharmacological intervention and is commonly used in care homes, day-care programmes and home-based caregiving.
The therapy can be done one-on-one or in group sessions. A facilitator — often a caregiver, therapist, or trained professional — guides the individual using sensory cues. These could be old photographs, music from a person’s youth, personal belongings, newspaper articles, films, radio clips, cultural references or items related to previous work or hobbies.
The purpose is to start conversations that feel natural and meaningful. Sessions are typically calm, unhurried, and centred on the individual’s comfort.
Dementia affects different types of memory in different ways. Short-term memory declines early, but many long-term memories — especially those formed during adolescence and early adulthood —often remain accessible for longer. Because these memories are more stable, recalling them can feel easier and more enjoyable for people with dementia. This forms the scientific basis for reminiscence therapy.
Studies in dementia care have identified several consistent benefits. Many patients experience reduced anxiety, irritability or sadness after engaging in reminiscence therapy. Thinking about positive or meaningful past events can produce pleasant emotions and a sense of reassurance. The therapy helps reinforce identity at a time when cognitive decline may blur a person’s sense of self.
Reminiscence therapy encourages conversation, even in people who may otherwise speak very little. In group settings, it can create a shared experience where individuals listen to each other’s stories, building social connection. In one-to-one sessions, it strengthens bonds between the person with dementia and the caregiver.
Although dementia can affect language abilities, talking about familiar memories can make communication easier. People often speak more fluently when discussing events, they remember clearly. This can help maintain language abilities for longer.
The therapy stimulates different parts of the brain linked to memory, attention and speech. While it does not halt cognitive decline, it provides gentle mental exercise that helps keep the mind active.
It’s important to clarify what reminiscence therapy cannot achieve, too. It does not reverse dementia. It does not stop or slow the progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not a replacement for medical treatment, good nutrition, physical activity, or safety measures. It is best used as part of a broader care plan that includes medical supervision and daily support.
Caregivers can apply reminiscence principles at home by:
• Asking open-ended questions such as “What was your first job like?”
• Using family photo albums or music playlists
• Keeping sessions short and relaxed
• Avoiding correcting inaccuracies
• Focusing on emotions rather than facts
The aim is to create moments of comfort—not to test memory.
(Dr Suri is senior consultant, neurology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Delhi)
