Few details, Rs 3.6 lakh crore-question: Will Rahul Gandhi’s minimum income scheme be a top-up or subsidy tweak?
According to the Central Statistics Office, there were 24.95 crore households in India in 2011. If every household in the bottom 20 per cent is eligible for this income, this translates into a total expenditure of about Rs 3.6 lakh crore annually.
In the Economic Survey for 2016-17, then Chief Economic Adviser Arvind Subramanian had proposed a Universal Basic Income (UBI) of Rs 7,620 per year.
When Congress president Rahul Gandhi announced that his party, if voted to power, would offer a minimum income of Rs 72,000 a year for the poorest 20 per cent families, he didn’t spell out the details of the scheme called Nyunatam Aay Yojana (Nyay). That’s where the devil lies.
Gandhi said the “fiscal repercussions of the scheme have been analysed” but did not make clear if the income guarantee scheme would subsume any existing subsidies. And, if yes, which ones and by how much. For, analysts said that income-support schemes of this type cannot coexist with subsidies on account of the resultant fiscal burden. On a standalone basis, the proposed scheme, for 5 crore households, will add 1.9 per cent of GDP to the fiscal deficit and the projected outlay could be higher than India’s health budget estimated at about 1.4 per cent of GDP.
According to the Central Statistics Office, there were 24.95 crore households in India in 2011. If every household in the bottom 20 per cent is eligible for this income, this translates into a total expenditure of about Rs 3.6 lakh crore annually — over six times the outlay of Rs 55,000 crore under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in Budget 2019.
Explained: Can Rahul Gandhi’s basic income scheme be a game changer?
Congress president Rahul Gandhi addresses a press conference, at AICC HQ, in New Delhi, Monday. Party Spokesperson Randeep Surjewala and party leader KC Venugopal are also seen. (PTI)
“Both income support scheme and subsidies cannot co-exist since it would create huge pressure on government’s fiscal situation,” Devendra Kumar Pant, chief economist, India Ratings said. The Budget for FY’18 showed there were about 950 Central sector and Centrally sponsored sub-schemes in the country, accounting for about 5 per cent of GDP by allocation. The top 11 schemes accounted for about 50 per cent of the budgetary allocation – the food subsidy or Public Distribution System (PDS) being the largest, followed by urea subsidy and the NREGA. If states are included, the number of schemes would be even larger.
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In the Economic Survey for 2016-17, then Chief Economic Adviser Arvind Subramanian had proposed a Universal Basic Income (UBI) of Rs 7,620 per year. As per the estimates in the Survey based on NSS 2011-12 consumption data, at a target poverty level of 0.45 per cent, the income needed to take a person above Rs 893 per month — the poverty line in 2011-12 – works out to Rs 5,400 per year, which when adjusted to inflation for 2016-17 yielded a UBI of Rs 7,620 per year. Assuming coverage with quasi-universality rate of 75 percent, the economy-wide cost of the UBI was estimated to be 4.9 per cent of GDP.
Union Minister of Finance Arun Jaitley gestures as he addresses a press conference at the party headquarters in New Delhi. (PTI Photo)
The macro-economic impact of Nyay includes an impetus to growth on account of a boost to consumption expenditure, an inflationary impact on account of higher demand for goods and services and a higher cost of government borrowing that could lead to higher fiscal deficit if other subsidy schemes were to continue. The key differentiating factor between the existing structure of subsidies and what Gandhi has proposed will be identification of beneficiaries, which could pose a challenge.
As per calculations quoted by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in his Facebook post on Monday, a total of Rs 5.34 lakh crore is already being provided by the government as subsidies and transfers. Of this, Rs 1.8 lakh crore is the total payment from 55 ministries to bank accounts under different schemes, Rs 1.84 lakh crore is accounted for food subsidy, Rs 75,000 crore for fertilisers subsidy, along with Rs 75,000 crore for PM Kisan scheme and Rs 20,000 crore for Ayushman Bharat scheme.
Niti Aayog Vice-Chairman Rajiv Kumar said the Congress’s promise will create strong incentives against work and hurt fiscal discipline. “True to its past record of promising the moon to win elections, Congress President announces a scheme that will burst fiscal discipline, create strong incentives against work and which will never be implemented,” Kumar said in a tweet.
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