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NEET UG 2026 syllabus; complete list of topics for Biology, Physics & Chemistry

The National Medical Commission (NMC) has released the official NEET UG 2026 syllabus, outlining the topics to be covered in Physics, Chemistry and Biology for the upcoming medical entrance examination.

16 min readNew DelhiUpdated: Dec 28, 2025 10:20 AM IST

The revised syllabus brings both challenges and opportunities for NEET UG 2024 aspirants. (Representative image)

The National Medical Commission (NMC) has released the NEET UG 2026 syllabus, outlining the topics to be covered in Physics, Chemistry and Biology for the upcoming medical entrance examination. The NEET UG 2026 syllabus is available at the official website – nmc.org.in.

The NEET UG syllabus continues to be based on the Class 11 and Class 12 curriculum, focusing on concepts prescribed in the NCERT textbooks. Candidates preparing for NEET UG 2026 are advised to refer only to the syllabus notified by the NMC for structured and exam-oriented preparation.

NEET UG 2026 Biology syllabus: Complete list of topics

For Biology, the syllabus is divided into Botany and Zoology and covers core areas taught across Classes 11 and 12.

Unit	Topics
UNIT 1: Diversity in Living World	What is living?, Biodiversity, Need for classification, Taxonomy & Systematics, Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy, Binomial nomenclature, Five kingdom classification, Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi, Lichens, Viruses and Viroids, Salient features and classification of plants (Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms), Salient features and classification of animals (nonchordate up to phyla level, chordate up to classes level).
UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants	Morphology and modifications, Tissues, Anatomy and functions of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed, Family classification (Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminoceae, Compositae, Graminae), Animal tissues, Morphology, anatomy and functions of digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems in insects and frogs.
UNIT 3: Cell Structure and Function	Cell theory, Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Cell envelope, membrane, wall, organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids), Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles, Nucleus, Biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids), Enzymes (types, properties, action), Cell division (mitosis, meiosis, significance).
UNIT 4: Plant Physiology	Photosynthesis (phases, pathways, factors), Respiration (glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport system, ATP generation), Plant growth and development (seed germination, plant growth phases, differentiation, growth regulators).
UNIT 5: Human Physiology	Breathing and respiration (respiratory organs, regulation, disorders), Body fluids and circulation (blood composition, heart structure, ECG, cardiac cycle, disorders), Excretory products and elimination (urine formation, osmoregulation, kidney function), Locomotion and movement (muscle contraction, skeletal system, disorders), Neural control and coordination (nervous system, nerve impulse), Chemical coordination and regulation (endocrine glands, hormones, disorders).
UNIT 6: Reproduction	Sexual reproduction in flowering plants (flower structure, pollination, fertilization), Human reproduction (male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, pregnancy), Reproductive health (birth control, infertility, assisted reproductive technologies).
UNIT 7: Genetics and Evolution	Heredity and variation (Mendelian inheritance, deviations, sex determination, genetic disorders), Molecular basis of inheritance (DNA structure, replication, gene expression, genome project), Evolution (origin of life, mechanisms, natural selection, human evolution).
UNIT 8: Biology and Human Welfare	Health and disease (pathogens, human diseases, HIV/AIDS, drug abuse), Microbes in human welfare (food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, biocontrol agents).
UNIT 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications	Principles and process of Biotechnology (genetic engineering), Applications in health and agriculture (insulin, vaccines, gene therapy, Bt crops, transgenic animals), Biosafety issues (biopiracy, patents).
UNIT 10: Ecology and Environment	Organisms and environment (population interactions, growth, birth rate, age distribution), Ecosystem (patterns, components, energy flow, pyramids), Biodiversity and its conservation (concept, patterns, loss, conservation methods, endangered species, biodiversity hotspots).

NEET UG 2026 Physics syllabus

The Physics syllabus includes topics from both classes such as Laws of Motion, Work, Energy and Power, Thermodynamics, Oscillations and Waves, Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current, Optics, and Modern Physics.

Unit	Topics
UNIT 1: Physics and Measurement	Units of measurement, System of Units, SI Units, Fundamental and derived units, Least count, Significant figures, Errors in measurements, Dimensions of physical quantities, Dimensional analysis and its applications.
UNIT 2: Kinematics	Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Position-time graph, Speed and velocity, Uniform and non-uniform motion, Average speed and instantaneous velocity, Uniformly accelerated motion, Velocity-time, Position-time graph, Relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars and vectors, Vector addition and subtraction, Scalar and vector products, Unit vector, Resolution of a vector, Relative velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile motion, Uniform circular motion.
UNIT 3: Laws of Motion	Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion, Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulses, Newton’s Third Law of motion, Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, Laws of friction, Rolling friction, Dynamics of uniform circular motion (centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).
UNIT 4: Work, Energy, and Power	Work done by a constant force and a variable force, Kinetic and potential energies, Work-energy theorem, Power, Potential energy of spring, Conservation of mechanical energy, Conservative and non-conservative forces, Motion in a vertical circle, Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
UNIT 5: Rotational Motion	Centre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body, Basic concepts of rotational motion, Moment of a force, Torque, Angular momentum, Conservation of angular momentum and its applications, Moment of inertia, Radius of gyration, Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, Equilibrium of rigid bodies, Rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, Comparison of linear and rotational motions.
UNIT 6: Gravitation	Universal law of gravitation, Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth, Kepler’s law of planetary motion, Gravitational potential energy, Gravitational potential, Escape velocity, Motion of a satellite, Orbital velocity, Time period and energy of satellite.
UNIT 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids	Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s Law, Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus, Modulus of rigidity, Pressure due to a fluid column, Pascal’s law and its applications, Effect of gravity on fluid pressure, Viscosity, Stokes’ law, Terminal velocity, Streamline and turbulent flow, Critical velocity, Bernoulli’s principle and its applications, Surface energy and surface tension, Angle of contact, Excess pressure across a curved surface, Applications of surface tension (drops, bubbles, capillary rise), Heat, temperature, thermal expansion, Specific heat capacity, Calorimetry, Change of state, Latent heat, Heat transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation).
UNIT 8: Thermodynamics	Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Concept of temperature, Heat, Work, and internal energy, The first law of thermodynamics, Isothermal and adiabatic processes, The second law of thermodynamics (reversible and irreversible processes).
UNIT 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases	Equation of state of a perfect gas, Work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases (assumptions), Concept of pressure, Kinetic interpretation of temperature, RMS speed of gas molecules, Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases, Mean free path, Avogadro’s number.
UNIT 10: Oscillations and Waves	Oscillations and periodic motion, Time period, Frequency, Displacement as a function of time, Periodic functions, Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation, Phase, Oscillations of a spring (restoring force and force constant), Energy in S.H.M. (kinetic and potential energies), Simple pendulum (derivation of expression for its time period), Wave motion, Longitudinal and transverse waves, Speed of traveling wave, Displacement relation for a progressive wave, Principle of superposition of waves, Reflection of waves, Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, Fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.
UNIT 11: Electrostatics	Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law, Forces between two point charges, Forces between multiple charges, Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution, Electric field (due to a point charge, Electric field lines), Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field, Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications (field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, uniformly charged thin spherical shell), Electric potential (calculation for point charge, dipole, system of charges), Potential difference, Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of system of two point charges and dipole in electrostatic field, Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, Capacitors and capacitance, Combination of capacitors (series and parallel), Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.
UNIT 12: Current Electricity	Electric current, Drift velocity, Mobility and their relation with electric current, Ohm’s law, Electrical resistance, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Series and parallel combinations of resistors, Temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance, Potential difference and emf of a cell, Combination of cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications, Wheatstone bridge, Meter bridge.
UNIT 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism	Biot-Savart law and its application to current-carrying circular loop, Ampere’s law and its applications (infinitely long current-carrying straight wire, solenoid), Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors (definition of ampere), Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field, Moving coil galvanometer (sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter), Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, Bar magnet as equivalent solenoid, Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (along its axis and perpendicular), Torque on a magnetic dipole in uniform magnetic field, Paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances (examples, effect of temperature on magnetic properties).
UNIT 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents	Electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law), Induced emf and current, Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents, Self and mutual inductance, Alternating currents (peak and RMS values), Reactance and impedance, LCR series circuit, Resonance, Power in AC circuits, Wattless current, AC generator and transformer.
UNIT 15: Electromagnetic Waves	Displacement current, Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays), Applications of electromagnetic waves.
UNIT 16: Optics	Reflection of light, Spherical mirrors, Mirror formula, Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, Thin lens formula and lens maker’s formula, Total internal reflection and its applications, Magnification, Power of a lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact, Refraction of light through a prism, Microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers, Wave optics (wavefront and Huygens’ principle), Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle, Interference, Young’s double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, Coherent sources, Sustained interference of light, Diffraction due to a single slit, Width of central maximum, Polarization, Plane-polarized light, Brewster’s law, Uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.
UNIT 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation	Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect (Hertz and Lenard’s observations), Einstein’s photoelectric equation, Particle nature of light, Matter waves, Wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation.
UNIT 18: Atoms and Nuclei	Alpha-particle scattering experiment, Rutherford’s model of atom, Bohr model, Energy levels, Hydrogen spectrum, Composition and size of nucleus, Atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, Mass defect, Binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, Nuclear fission, Nuclear fusion.
UNIT 19: Electronic Devices	Semiconductors, Semiconductor diode (I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias), Diode as a rectifier, I-V characteristics of LED, Photodiode, Solar cell, Zener diode (Zener diode as voltage regulator), Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR).
UNIT 20: Experimental Skills	Familiarity with experiments and activities: Vernier calipers, Screw gauge, Simple pendulum, Metre scale, Young’s modulus of elasticity, Surface tension of water (capillary rise), Coefficient of viscosity, Speed of sound in air, Specific heat capacity of solids and liquids, Resistivity of a wire using a metre bridge, Resistance using Ohm’s law, Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer, Focal length of mirrors and lenses, Refractive index using a travelling microscope, Characteristic curves of diodes (PN junction, Zener diode), Identification of various components like diodes, LEDs, resistors, capacitors.

NEET UG 2026 Chemistry syllabus

Chemistry is split into Physical, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry. Important areas include Chemical Bonding, Thermodynamics, Equilibrium, Electrochemistry, Hydrocarbons, Biomolecules, Coordination Compounds and Environmental Chemistry.

Unit	Topics
UNIT I: Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry	Matter and its nature, Dalton’s atomic theory, Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound, Laws of chemical combination, Atomic and molecular masses, Mole concept, Molar mass, Percentage composition, Empirical and molecular formulae, Chemical equations, Stoichiometry.
UNIT 2: Atomic Structure	Nature of electromagnetic radiation, Photoelectric effect, Spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model of a hydrogen atom (postulates, derivation for energy and radii), Limitations of Bohr’s model, Dual nature of matter, De Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanical model of the atom, Atomic orbitals (1s and 2s orbitals), Quantum numbers, Shapes of s, p, d orbitals, Electron spin and spin quantum number, Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule, Electronic configuration, Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.
UNIT 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure	Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bonding, Ionic and covalent bonds, Formation of ionic bonds, Factors affecting ionic bond formation, Lattice enthalpy calculation, Electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, Dipole moment, VSEPR theory and shapes of simple molecules, Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding, Valence bond theory, Hybridization involving s, p, d orbitals, Resonance, Molecular Orbital theory, Bonding and antibonding orbitals, Sigma and pi bonds, Bond order, Bond length, Bond energy, Metallic bonding, Hydrogen bonding and its applications.
UNIT 4: Chemical Thermodynamics	Fundamentals of thermodynamics, System and surroundings, Extensive and intensive properties, Types of processes, First law of thermodynamics, Concept of work, heat, internal energy, and enthalpy, Hess’s law, Enthalpies of various reactions, Second law of thermodynamics, Spontaneity of processes, ΔS of the universe and ΔG of the system, Standard Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constant.
UNIT 5: Solutions	Methods for expressing concentration (molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage), Vapour pressure of solutions, Raoult’s law, Ideal and non-ideal solutions, Colligative properties (relative lowering of vapour pressure, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure), Molecular mass determination using colligative properties, van’t Hoff factor and its significance.
UNIT 6: Equilibrium	Dynamic equilibrium, Equilibria involving physical processes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas equilibria), Henry’s law, Chemical equilibrium, Equilibrium constants (Kp, Kc), Factors affecting equilibrium (concentration, pressure, temperature, catalyst), Le Chatelier’s principle, Ionic equilibrium, Strong and weak electrolytes, Ionization constants, Acid-base equilibria, pH scale, Common ion effect, Hydrolysis of salts, Solubility products, Buffer solutions.
UNIT 7: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry	Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, Redox reactions, Oxidation number, Balancing redox reactions, Electrolytic and metallic conduction, Conductance in electrolytic solutions, Kohlrausch’s law, Electrochemical cells, Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, Electrode potentials, Nernst equation, Cell potential and Gibbs energy change, Dry cell, Lead accumulator, Fuel cells.
UNIT 8: Chemical Kinetics	Rate of a chemical reaction, Factors affecting the rate of reactions (concentration, temperature, pressure, catalyst), Elementary and complex reactions, Order and molecularity of reactions, Rate law, Rate constant, Differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, Half-lives, Temperature effect on reaction rate, Arrhenius theory, Activation energy, Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions.
UNIT 9: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties	Modern periodic law, Periodic table (s, p, d, f block elements), Periodic trends in properties (atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, oxidation states, chemical reactivity).
UNIT 10: P-Block Elements	Group-13 to Group-18 elements, Electronic configuration, Trends in physical and chemical properties, Unique behavior of first elements in each group.
UNIT 11: d- and f-Block Elements	Transition elements: Electronic configuration, Occurrence, Characteristics, Trends in properties (physical, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behavior, magnetic properties, complex formation), Inner transition elements: Lanthanoids (electronic configuration, oxidation states), Actinoids (electronic configuration, oxidation states).
UNIT 12: Coordination Compounds	Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner’s theory, Ligands, Coordination number, Denticity, Chelation, IUPAC nomenclature, Isomerism, Valence bond approach, Crystal field theory, Colour and magnetic properties, Importance of coordination compounds (qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, biological systems).
UNIT 13: Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds	Purification techniques (Crystallization, Sublimation, Distillation, Differential extraction, Chromatography), Qualitative analysis (detection of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens), Quantitative analysis (Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulfur, phosphorus), Calculations of empirical and molecular formulae, Organic quantitative analysis.
UNIT 14: Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry	Tetravalency of carbon, Shapes of simple molecules (hybridization), Classification of organic compounds (functional groups, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur), Homologous series, Isomerism (structural and stereoisomerism), Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC), Covalent bond fission (homolytic, heterolytic), Stability of carbocations, free radicals, electrophiles, nucleophiles, Organic reactions (substitution, addition, elimination, rearrangement).
UNIT 15: Hydrocarbons	Classification, Isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, Methods of preparation, Properties, Reactions, Alkanes (conformations, halogenation), Alkenes (Geometrical isomerism, electrophilic addition, ozonolysis, polymerization), Alkynes (acidic character, addition reactions), Aromatic hydrocarbons (nomenclature, structure, aromaticity, electrophilic substitution, Friedel-Crafts reactions).
UNIT 16: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens	Methods of preparation, Properties, Reactions, C-X bond nature, Substitution reactions, Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons, DDT.
UNIT 17: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen	Methods of preparation, Properties, Reactions, Alcohols (primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols, dehydration), Phenols (acidic nature, electrophilic substitution), Ethers (structure), Aldehydes and Ketones (carbonyl group, nucleophilic addition, oxidation, reduction, acidity of α-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction).
UNIT 18: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen	Methods of preparation, Properties, Reactions, Amines (nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character), Diazonium salts (importance in synthetic organic chemistry).
UNIT 19: Biomolecules	Introduction and importance of biomolecules, Carbohydrates (classification, aldoses, ketoses, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides), Proteins (amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, protein structure, denaturation), Vitamins (classification and functions), Nucleic acids (chemical structure of DNA and RNA, biological functions), Hormones (general introduction).
UNIT 20: Principles Related to Practical Chemistry	Detection of extra elements (nitrogen, sulfur, halogens) in organic compounds, Detection of functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino groups), Chemistry of inorganic (Mohr’s salt, potash alum) and organic compounds (Acetanilide, Iodoform), Titrimetric exercises (acids, bases, indicators), Qualitative salt analysis (cations, anions), Experiments (enthalpy of solution, neutralization, preparation of sols, kinetic study).