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Only 10% ancient manuscripts available, millions yet to be traced: scholar at IIAS

Dr Vaidya emphasised three key aspects: “First, preservation; second, conservation; and third, restoration. Beyond these, we need dedicated scholars who can invest their time and resources in discovering hidden manuscripts.”

Sanskrit scholar Dr Uma C Vaidya addresses the workshop at Indian Institute of Advanced Studies (IIAS) in Shimla on Wednesday. ExpressSanskrit scholar Dr Uma C Vaidya addresses the workshop at Indian Institute of Advanced Studies (IIAS) in Shimla on Wednesday. Express

Millions of ancient manuscripts covering various aspects of Indian culture remain untraced, while scriptures available in the public domain constitute only 10 per cent, of which about 5 per cent have been preserved and another 5 per cent are currently being preserved, said eminent Sanskrit scholar Dr Uma C Vaidya, former vice-chancellor of Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University, Ramtek, Nagpur, on Wednesday.

“A significant portion of these manuscripts lies in museums and other institutions in foreign countries,” Dr Vaidya said on the concluding day of a two-day workshop on “Heritage of Ancient Writing Traditions in the Western Himalaya—Conservation of Scripts and Manuscripts of Himachal Pradesh” held at Indian Institute of Advanced Studies (IIAS), Shimla.

Dr Vaidya, also a Tagore Fellow, said, “The scriptures available in our country today are merely one-fourth or less than one-fourth of the material which foreign invaders destroyed. What is even more tragic is that many valuable manuscripts are yet to be traced. These were hidden and lying undetected.”

Elaborating further, she said, “Kautilya (Chanakya) wrote the Arthashastra around 324 BC, but this remarkable work was rediscovered only in 1904 by scholars. I am certain many such invaluable manuscripts still exist but remain untraced.”

Dr Vaidya emphasised three key aspects: “First, preservation; second, conservation; and third, restoration. Beyond these, we need dedicated scholars who can invest their time and resources in discovering hidden manuscripts.”

The two-day workshop concluded after deliberating extensively on various aspects of ancient scripts and manuscripts, including their conservation, reading traditions, digitisation, and documentation. Workshop coordinator Prof Om Prakash Sharma said the objective was to promote the study and preservation of manuscript traditions and scripts prevalent in the Western Himalayan region, particularly in Himachal Pradesh. He highlighted scripts such as Pabuchi, Tankri, Pandavani, and Chandvani, which evolved from the Sharada script.

Sharma added that these manuscripts contain valuable material related to India’s knowledge traditions, especially the Vedas, Puranas, Jyotisha, and Ayurveda, and are considered highly significant from a research perspective.

Saurabh Parashar is an Assistant Editor at The Indian Express, primarily responsible for the publication’s coverage of Himachal Pradesh. He is a seasoned journalist with over 17 years of experience in print media, specializing in crime, legal affairs, and investigative reporting. Professional Background Education: He holds a Master’s degree in Mass Communication from Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology (Hisar) and a Law degree from Himachal Pradesh University (HPU), Shimla. This legal background significantly informs his reporting on complex judicial and administrative matters. Career Path: Before joining The Indian Express in 2017, he spent 12 years with The Times of India. Core Beats: His primary focus is the socio-political landscape of the hill state, with a specific emphasis on the environment, forest conservation, drug menace (specifically "Chitta"), affairs related to tribal and archaeology and the unique challenges of governance in high-altitude regions. Recent Notable Articles (Late 2025) His recent reporting highlights the critical intersection of policy, law, and social safety in Himachal Pradesh: 1. "Himachal’s battle against Chitta: Why the border areas are most vulnerable" (Late 2025): An investigative look at the transit routes from Punjab and the impact on local youth. 2. "Shimla ropeway clears key hurdle as 820 trees face the axe :According to the Forest Survey of India’s 2021 assessment, 47.21 percent of Shimla’s 5,131 sq km geographical area is under forest cover (Nov 17, 2025). 3. "Himachal to handover 2.7427 ha of non-forest land for Shimla Ropeway: Given the land’s non-forest nature, RTDC and the state will not require permission from MoEFCC" (Nov 18, 2025) 4. "How the centuries-old Jodidara tradition is fading in Himachal’s Trans-Giri region: Jodidara: a form of fraternal polyandry—has long been part of Hatti tribal culture in the Trans-Giri region of Himachal Pradesh and adjoining Uttarakhand. It is believed to have evolved to prevent division of ancestral land and maintain unity among brothers in the harsh, mountainous terrain" (Aug 18, 2025) Legal & Agricultural Affairs "Kisan Sabha hails SC’s setting aside Himachal HC order to remove orchards from forest land" (Dec 18, 2025): Covering a major Supreme Court victory for farmers, where a High Court order to remove fruit-bearing apple orchards was overturned. "Himachal Cabinet nod to new tourism policy; focus on home-stays in tribal areas" (Dec 11, 2025): Detailing the legislative push to decentralize tourism and bring economic benefits to Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur. 3. Governance & Environment "Forest rights and development: Why Himachal is seeking more leeway from Centre" (Dec 19, 2025): Reporting on the legal hurdles faced by the state in infrastructure projects due to the Forest Conservation Act. "Cloudbursts and resilience: How Himachal’s remote villages are building back better" (Nov 2025): Following up on the long-term rehabilitation efforts after monsoon-related disasters. Crime especially cyber crimes, crypto currency etc: crypto currency: "Agents in uniform, motivational speeches, lavish parties: How a Himachal crypto con went unnoticed:A serial conman, a ‘Nelson Mandela Nobel Peace Award winner', and retired policemen got together to pull off a Rs 1,740-crore fraud" (Nov 10, 2023) Signature Beats Saurabh is recognized for his tenacious reporting on the state's drug epidemic. His deep familiarity with the topography and tribal culture of Himachal allows him to report from remote locations like Spiti, Pangi, Shillai, which are often overlooked by national media. His legal expertise makes him a primary choice for covering the Himachal Pradesh High Court on issues ranging from local body elections to environmental PILs. X (Twitter): @saurabh_prashar . ... Read More

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