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‘Green crackers create about 30% less pollution than conventional ones’

Noise pollution remains a concern even with green crackers. Loud fireworks can commonly lead to hearing impairment, hypertension, sleep disturbances and anxiety.

Green crackersAll authentic green crackers are tested and certified by CSIR–NEERI (Photo: Unsplash).

Prof Ravindra Khaiwal, Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health (PGI, Chandigarh) and Prof Suman Mor, Department of Environment Studies (Panjab University, Chandigarh) talk to Parul on green crackers and their role in reducing air pollution.

What are green crackers? How do they differ from conventional ones?

Green crackers are environmentally safer fireworks developed by CSIR–NEERI to reduce air and noise pollution. They use smaller shells, reduced chemicals and dust suppressants, leading to at least 30 per cent lower emissions of particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2) compared to conventional firecrackers.

On one hand, traditional crackers often contain toxic metals such as barium, strontium and copper, producing bright colours and harmful pollutants. On the other hand, green crackers do not contain barium compounds or heavy metals, have reduced aluminium and thermite content, and use potassium nitrate instead of highly polluting oxidisers. Green crackers’ common variants include flowerpots, pencils, sparklers, bombs and chakkaris.

Who certifies green crackers, how can one identify them?

All authentic green crackers are tested and certified by CSIR–NEERI. These can be identified through the official CSIR–NEERI logo and a QR code verifiable via the ‘CSIR NEERI Green QR Code App’ available on the Google Play Store.

What are the types of green crackers? Are green crackers completely pollution-free?

CSIR-NEERI has developed three key categories. The first one is SWAS (Safe Water Releaser), which releases water vapour to suppress dust and particulate matter. It also reduces PM by about 30–35 per cent, and is free from potassium nitrate and sulfur.

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The second is STAR (Safe Thermite Cracker). This category employs a modified thermite composition, lowers gaseous emissions (SO2 and NO2) by 20–30 per cent, and produces less sound and residue.

The third category is SAFAL (Safe Minimal Aluminium). This uses minimal aluminium, substituting magnesium to maintain brightness, and cuts metallic and particulate emissions by about 30–35 per cent. These are not 100 per cent pollution-free, but they are significantly cleaner. Experts estimate that they emit about 30 per cent less pollution than conventional ones.

What about health and noise impacts?

Noise pollution remains a concern even with green crackers. Loud fireworks can commonly lead to hearing impairment, hypertension, sleep disturbances and anxiety. Hence, responsible use and adherence to time and decibel limits are essential.

What are precautions for using green crackers?

Some standard safety precautions for using the green crackers include buying only from licensed shops, using a long candle or lighter to maintain distance while igniting, avoiding crowded or enclosed spaces, keeping water and sand nearby for emergencies and wearing cotton clothing and shoes for protection.

Parul is a Principal Correspondent at The Indian Express in Chandigarh. She is a seasoned journalist with over 25 years of experience specializing in public health, higher education, and the architectural heritage of Northern India. Professional Profile Education: Graduate in Humanities with a specialized focus on Journalism and Mass Communication from Panjab University, Chandigarh. Career Path: She began her career covering local city beats and human interest stories before joining The Indian Express in 2009. Over the last decade and a half, she has risen to the rank of Principal Correspondent, becoming the publication’s primary voice on Chandigarh’s premier medical and academic institutions. Expertise: Her reporting is deeply rooted in the institutional dynamics of PGIMER (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research) and Panjab University. She is highly regarded for her ability to navigate complex administrative bureaucracies to deliver student-centric and patient-centric news. Recent Notable Articles (Late 2024 - 2025) Her recent work highlights critical reporting on healthcare infrastructure, academic governance, and urban culture: 1. Public Health & PGIMER "PGIMER expands digital registry: Centralized patient records to reduce wait times by 40%" (Nov 20, 2025): A detailed look at the digital transformation of one of India's busiest medical institutes to tackle patient influx. "Robotic Surgery at PGI: Why the new urology wing is a game-changer for North India" (Oct 12, 2025): Reporting on the acquisition of state-of-the-art medical technology and its impact on affordable healthcare. "Shortage of life-saving drugs: Inside the supply chain crisis at government pharmacies" (Dec 5, 2025): An investigative piece on the logistical hurdles affecting chronic patients in the tri-city area. 2. Education & Institutional Governance "Panjab University Senate Election: The battle for institutional autonomy" (Dec 18, 2025): In-depth coverage of the high-stakes internal elections and the friction between traditional governance and central reforms. "Research funding dip: How PU’s science departments are navigating the 2025 budget cuts" (Nov 5, 2025): An analysis of the fiscal challenges facing researchers and the impact on India's global academic ranking. 3. Art, Culture & Heritage "Le Corbusier’s legacy in peril: The struggle to preserve Chandigarh’s Capitol Complex" (Dec 22, 2025): A feature on the conservation efforts and the tension between urban modernization and UNESCO heritage status. "Chandigarh Art District: How street murals are reclaiming the city’s grey walls" (Oct 30, 2025): A cultural profile of the local artists transforming the aesthetic of the "City Beautiful." Signature Style Parul is known for her empathetic lens, often centering her stories on the individuals affected by policy—whether it is a student navigating university red tape or a patient seeking care. She possesses a unique ability to translate dense administrative notifications into actionable information for the public. Her long-standing beat experience makes her a trusted source for "inside-track" developments within Chandigarh’s most guarded institutions. X (Twitter): @parul_express ... Read More

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