US–China trade war: India imposes 12% safeguard duty on certain steel imports amid dumping fears

Notably, several specialised steel items have been excluded from the scope of the measure, including Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Electrical Steel (CRGO), tinplate, stainless steel, rubber-coated steel, brass-coated steel, and aluminium-coated steel, among others.

The notification added that the safeguard duty will not apply to product categories priced above the import price on a Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) basis—set at $675 per metric tonne (MT) for hot rolled coils, sheets and plates, and $964 per MT for colour-coated coils and sheets, whether or not profiled.

Fearing a further surge, the Ministry of Steel had last year urged the Ministry of Commerce to impose a 25 per cent duty on steel products, citing an 80 per cent increase in steel imports from China—to 1.61 million tonnes between January and July 2024.

In its submission to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the Indian Steel Association (ISA) had said that since the United States imposed a 25 per cent duty under Section 232 of its Trade Expansion Act, 1962, several countries have introduced multiple trade remedy measures against steel imports. “The evidence indicates that 129 trade remedy measures were imposed by various countries against steel products between 2019 and 2023,” ISA had said.

The ISA warned that the surge in imports poses a threat to domestic manufacturing, as there is significant overcapacity far exceeding domestic consumption in China, Japan and South Korea. “To mitigate the decline in steel consumption for long products, Chinese steel companies shifted a significant percentage of their production from long to flat products, which are now being exported to global markets,” it said.

The DGTR, in its findings last month, also flagged that major steel-producing economies such as Japan, South Korea and China have capacities far beyond their domestic needs. It warned that this excess capacity could push steel producers in these countries to increase exports—posing a serious threat to Indian industry.

However, Engineering Export Promotion Council of India (EEPC India) Chairman, Pankaj Chadha, said that additional measures are needed to protect MSMEs and user industries from potential price hikes and supply disruptions.

“There should be a provision for MSME units to procure steel at export parity prices to ensure their global competitiveness. Like the EU model, country-specific quotas should also be considered to avoid overdependence on any single source,” Chadha said.

Highlighting concerns over domestic price escalation, Chadha added that using the Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) price as a benchmark could help maintain price stability and ensure affordable raw material supply for India’s engineering and manufacturing sectors.